Vacinação contra hepatite B e fatores associados entre cirurgiões-dentistas

Abstract

Objective: We calculated the prevalence and studied the factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination. Reasons for non-vaccination among dentists were investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, from 2007 to 2008, to assess hepatitis B vaccination among practicing dental surgeons. Variables were evaluated using a previously tested structured questionnaire. Data underwent descriptive analysis. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to determine the variables associated with hepatitis B vaccination (p < 0.05). Results: There were 333 subjects eligible for the study, 297 (89.2%) participated, and 283 answered the question about vaccination; of these, 258 (91.2%) completed the three-dose schedule vaccination and 25 (8.8%) were not vaccinated or did not complete the vaccination schedule. Lack of information (48%) was stated as the main reason for not being vaccinated. Variables associated with vaccination were: tobacco use (OR = 2.50; IC95% = 1.22-7.13), alcohol consumption (OR = 2.99; IC95% = 1.16-7.74), satisfaction with the profession (OR = 4.62; IC95% = 1.50-8.25) and knowledge on the post-exposure management protocol (OR = 4.28; IC95% = 1.63-9.26). Conclusions:We found a high prevalence of complete vaccination among dentists in Montes Claros. It is higher among professionals who do not use tobacco and alcohol, are more satisfied with their profession and know the protocol after occupational exposure. The study suggests that the lack of information is the main reason for not being vaccinated. As variáveis associadas com relato de vacinação, após ajuste para todas as outras, foram: consumo de tabaco (OR = 2,50; IC95% = 1,22-7,13), consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (OR = 2,99; IC95% = 1,16-7,74), satisfação com a profissão (OR = 4,62; IC95% = 1,50-8,25) e conhecimento sobre protocolo pós-exposição ocupacional (OR = 4,28; IC95% = 1,63-9,26). Conclusões: Verificou-se alta prevalência de vacinação completa, sendo maior entre os não fumantes, os que não consumiam bebidas alcoólicas, os mais satisfeitos com a profissão e os que conheciam um protocolo pós-exposição ocupacional. O estudo sugere que os comportamentos negligentes com a própria saúde se repetem. Há necessidade de campanhas educativas sobre a transmissão da hepatite B, contribuindo para o controle e erradicação dessa grave infecção.Palavras-chaves: Hepatite B. Vacinação. Saúde do trabalhador. Condutas na práti-ca dos dentistas. Doenças transmissíveis. Odontologia.

Fatores associados à imunização contra Hepatite B entre trabalhadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família

“…The reported vaccination was also lower compared to other studies conducted in Brazil, among Primary Health Care workers, which obtained rates of 93.2% in Divinópolis-MG (11) , 64.6% in Florianópolis-SC (5) and other 76.2% in Mato Grosso do Sul (12) . The prevalence among these FHS workers (52.5%) could be even worse if dental surgeons were excluded, since a study with these professionals (dentists) of Montes Claros, who are probably included in the study population in question, reached a value of 91.2% (10) . Studies have shown resistance of health professionals regarding vaccination (7,13) .…”

“…It is also relevant, since reported vaccination was lower compared to a study among dentists in the same city (Montes Claros-MG), which found that 91.2% reported Rev Bras Enferm. 2015 jan-fev;68(1):77-84. vaccination in 2008 (10) . The reported vaccination was also lower compared to other studies conducted in Brazil, among Primary Health Care workers, which obtained rates of 93.2% in Divinópolis-MG (11) , 64.6% in Florianópolis-SC (5) and other 76.2% in Mato Grosso do Sul (12) .…”

Strategy to control occupational risk for Hepatitis B: impact on the vaccination and seroconversion rates in dentistry students

“…In the present study, the validity of the data collected by inspecting the vaccination cards and laboratory exam reports allowed adhesion to the vaccination measures to be known, without the possibility of response and memory biases resulting from the use of self-applicable questionnaires, because this was a documentary research. In the majority of studies in the literature, the data result from self-applicable questionnaires that depend on the participant's memory 1,5,[14][15][18][19][20] . In practice, it was only possible to carry out this inspection due to the dental school's demand that students had to hand in a copy of their vaccination card and anti-HBs exam result to the undergraduate course secretariat, so that these could be evaluated, and later attached to the documents of each student.…”

“…In teaching institutions, pedagogical efforts accompanied by continuous education must motivate students to use standard precautions correctly and routinely 6,15 . Vaccination against HBV is the measure for primary prevention and control of the disease, and so is the need for confirming seroconversion of the vaccinated persons 5,10,13 , thus emphasizing the importance of the demand by HLIs for students to present their vaccination card and seroconversion test results, thereby minimizing the risk in the case of an eventual exposure to infection.…”

“…Hepatitis B is an important public health problem on all continents 3 . The prevalence of infection by HBV is higher among dental surgeons than among the population in general, a situation characterizing the disease as an occupational risk for dental professionals 5 . Percutaneous or mucosal tissue exposures to the blood of individuals infected by HBV are the main transmission pathway, because of professionals' exposure to organic fluids and the occurrence of accidents with perforating sharps 1,6 .…”