Compounds from the metasternal and Brindley's glands of the blood-sucking bug, Triatoma infestans, were identified by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds released by adult bugs during copulation or after mechanical disturbance were also characterized. Six compounds were identified and found consistently in all samples from metasternal glands. The most abundant were 3-pentanone, 2-methylbutanol, 3-pentanol, and an unidentified compound. The metasternal gland blends did not differ qualitatively between sexes. Compounds found in Brindley's glands were short chain acids, alcohols, esters, and a ketone with no qualitative differences between sexes. Isobutyric acid was the main component of this blend, and two new confirmed compounds were described as products of these glands: 2-butanone and 2-methylbutyric acid. 3-Pentanone was collected from the headspace over 33% of the copulating pairs of T. infestans. Volatiles found in the headspace of disturbed T. infestans adults included short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, esters, and ketones, with no qualitative differences between sexes. Both types of glands apparently discharge their contents after disturbance. However, most of the volatiles released by bugs after disturbance came from Brindley's glands. The locomotor activity of fourth instars increased significantly after stimulation with the odors emitted by disturbed adults, as compared with larvae stimulated by the odor of undisturbed adults or by clean air. We also studied the directional behavioral response of fifth instars to the disturbance scent in a locomotion compensator. Larvae exposed to volatiles released by disturbed adults walked away from the direction of the odor. The results suggest that this blend or part of it functions as an alarm pheromone for T. infestans. We suggest that the metasternal glands of this species are involved both in the sexual and the alarm contexts, and that the Brindley's glands probably have both alarm and defensive roles.

BackgroundAlthough studies throughout the world have investigated potential factors involved in the occurrence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), the findings are varied and inconclusive.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of MIH and identify associated prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8 and 9 years.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with a randomly selected population-based sample of 1181 schoolchildren. Information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as prenatal, perinatal and postnatal aspects was obtained through questionnaires. The clinical examination included the investigation of MIH based on the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Dental caries in the permanent dentition and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) on the primary second molars were also recorded. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, bivariate tests and Poisson regression with robust variance.ResultsThe prevalence of MIH was 20.4%. MIH was more frequent among children with dental caries in the permanent dentition (PR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.98–3.61), those with DDE on the primary second molars (PR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.87–3.45) and those who experienced asthma/bronchitis in the first four years of life (PR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.45–2.56).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MIH was high and was associated with dental caries, the presence of DDE on primary second molars and the experience of asthma/bronchitis in early life. These findings could be useful in the identification of children in need of shorter recall intervals to prevent the consequences of MIH, such as enamel breakdown dental caries.

ObjectivesEstimate the prevalence of functional dentition among Brazilian adults using four different definitions and identify associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 9564 Brazilian adults aged 35–44 years who participated in the 2010 National Oral Health Survey. Data collection involved oral examinations and the administration of questionnaires. The following definitions were used: 1—WHO Functional Dentition (FDWHO: ≥ 20 teeth present); 2—well-distributed teeth (WDT: ≥ 10 teeth in each arch); 3 –Functional dentition classified by esthetics and occlusion (FDClass5: dentitions that sequentially exhibit at least one tooth in each arch, at least 10 teeth in each arch, all maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, three or four premolar posterior occluding pairs [POPs], and at least one molar POP bilaterally); 4—Functional dentition classified by esthetics, occlusion and periodontal status (FDClass6: corresponds to FDClass5 with the addition of periodontal status of all sextants in the oral cavity with, at most, shallow pockets and/or clinical attachment level of 5 mm (CPI ≤ 3 and/or CAL ≤ 1). The independent variables were individual factors (gender, self-declared skin color, schooling, monthly household income, age group, self-rated treatment need, dental pain, dental appointment in the previous 12 months and dental services) and contextual factors (Municipal Human Development Index [MHDI]), Gini coefficient, fluoridated water supply and oral health coverage). Multilevel mixed-effect Poisson regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe prevalence of functional dentition based on the FDWHO, WDT, FDClass5 and FDClass6 definitions was 77.9%, 72.9%, 42.6% and 40.3%, respectively. Adults with ≥12 years of schooling and monthly household income from US$ 853 to 2557 had higher prevalence rates of FDWHO (PR: 1.41 and 1.10, respectively), WDT (PR: 1.58 and 1.14, respectively), FDClass5 (PR: 2.03 and 1.27, respectively) and FDClass6 (PR: 2.15 and 1.35, respectively). These values in the final models were adjusted for gender, self-declared skin color (FDClass5), age group, self-rated treatment need (FDWHO, FDClass5 and FDClass6), dental appointment in the previous 12 months (FDWHO and WDT), dental services (FDWHO and WDT) and contextual factors. A very high MHDI and presence of fluoridated water supply were associated with higher prevalence rates of the four outcomes.ConclusionsThe incorporation of the criteria of new definitions of functional dentition led to a lower prevalence rate among Brazilian adults. Striking individual and contextual inequalities were identified with regard to the four definitions analyzed, which need to be addressed through inter-sector efforts.

This study determined the prevalence of oral mucosal alterations and associated factors among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, a review of their medical records and an intra-oral examination. A sample of 335 individuals over 60 years of age was randomly selected. In total, 646 alterations were diagnosed; 59.1% were variations of the normal oral mucosa. The most frequent variation consisted of sublingual varicosities (51.6%). Denture stomatitis (15.2%) and denture hyperplasia (12.8%) were the most frequent lesions. Elderly patients who wore dentures had a significantly higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (p = 0.00) than those that didn't wear dentures. There was a high prevalence of variations of the normal oral mucosa and of mucosal lesions, especially denture-induced lesions, among the institutionalized elderly.

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OBJECTIVE:To analyze the prevalence of elderly users' satisfaction with dental care and associated factors. METHODS:Cross-sectional study conducted with 495 elderly individuals aged 65-74 years, without cognitive impairment according to the Mini-Mental State Examination, who used dental services of the municipality of Montes Claros (Southeastern Brazil) from 2008 to 2009. A two-stage cluster, complex probability sample was used. Trained/ calibrated professionals and students conducted tests and household interviews using handheld computers with software developed for this purpose. In the statistical analysis, with correction by design effect, PASW® Statistics 18.0 was utilized. To identify associations between satisfaction and the factors of interest, Poisson regression was conducted, estimating the prevalence ratio and the 95% confi dence interval (PR / 95%CI). RESULTS:Overall, 91.4% of the elderly were satisfi ed. Greater satisfaction was found among users of services of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUSBrazil's National Health Service) (PR = 1.07; 95%CI 1.01;1.12); those who had access to information on how to avoid oral problems (PR = 1.09; 95%CI 1.02;1.16); those who did not use medicines (PR = 1.05; 95%CI 1.00;1.10); and those who rated the appearance of their teeth and gums as excellent or good (PR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.00;1.28). CONCLUSIONS:The elderly who access the service offered by SUS have greater satisfaction with dental treatment, as well as those who do not use medicines, those with better self-perception of the aesthetics of teeth and gums and those who have more access to information about how to prevent oral problems. Therefore, health care policies in the SUS have been presenting positive results.

Periodontal therapy was effective in reducing PI and improving periodontal status, as evidenced by the decreases in PD and the maintenance of AL.

Uso de serviços odontológicos entre pré-escolares: estudo de base populacionalThe use of dental services among preschool children: a population-based study (3,27/1,71-6,24), ter maior renda per capita (2,65/1,50-4,65), ter moradia própria (1,83/1,04-3,23), ter acesso a informações preventivas de saúde bucal (5,44/3,00-9,86), usar fio dental (2,75/1,50-5,02) ocasionaram chances mais elevadas de uso desses serviços. Não possuir experiência de cárie (0,22/0,13-0,38) e não apresentar lesões fundamentais em tecidos moles (0,10/0,01-0,77) , having higher per capita income (2.65/1.50-4.65), having their own house (1.83/104 -3.23), having access to preventive oral health information (5.44/3.00-9.86), flossing (2.75/1.50-5.02)