The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of emergencies in dental practices and the preparedness and the training experience in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of Brazilian dentists in dealing with emergencies. The volunteer participants in the study were 498 Brazilian dentists who were present at the 27th International Congress of Dentistry in São Paulo. The most prevalent emergency was presyncope (reported by 54.20 percent of respondents), followed by orthostatic hypotension (44.37 percent), moderate allergic reactions (16.86 percent), hypertensive crisis (15.06 percent), asthma (15.06 percent), syncope (12.65 percent), angina (6.82 percent), convulsion (6.22 percent), hypoglycemia (5.62 percent), hyperventilation crisis (5.22 percent), choking (2.20 percent), and cerebrovascular accident (0.8 percent). Anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest were the rarest emergencies, reported by only 0.4, 0.2, and 0.2 percent of dentists, respectively. Only 41 percent of the dentists judged themselves capable to diagnose the cause of an emergency during a dental visit. The majority responded that they would be capable of performing initial treatment of presyncope, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, convulsion, and choking. However, most of them felt unable to treat anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest. Further, the majority felt unable to perform CPR or undertake an intravenous injection. It was concluded that the most prevalent medical emergencies in dental practice of Brazilian dentists are presyncope and orthostatic hypotension. The occurrence of life-threatening medical emergencies like anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and cerebrovascular accident is rare. Brazilian dentists are not fully prepared to manage medical emergencies and have insufficient experience training in CPR

Over the past decade, interest in drugs derived from medicinal plants has markedly increased. This study was aimed at a literature review focusing on studies investigating herbal drugs and other natural products, as well as their therapeutic application, side effects and possible drug interactions. Few studies were found to support their rational use in dentistry. Since there is an increasing use of phytotherapeutic agents in dentistry, further studies are needed to evaluate their safety and effectiveness for clinical use.

Among the three types evaluated, the customized MG (type III) presented better results in the athletes' physical performance evaluation, even taking into account physical tests performed without the use of mouthguards.

No abstract

The antimicrobial activity of two garlic clones' (1: purple and 2: white) crude extracts against oral microbiota was evaluated in vitro (study 1) and in vivo (study 2). Study 1 consisted of the evaluation of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations against nine streptococci strains. In study 2, a 2.5% garlic (clone 2) solution was used as a mouthwash in a 5-week study by 30 subjects. Blood agar and Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar were inoculated with subjects' saliva to quantify oral microorganisms and mutans streptococci. Study 1 showed MIC ranging from 0.5 to 32.0 mg ml(-1) for clone 2 and from 8 to 64.0 mg ml(-1) for clone 1. MBC ranged from 1.0 to 128.0 mg ml(-1) and from 8.0 to 128.0 mg ml(-1) regarding clones 2 and 1 respectively. Study 2 showed that 2.5% garlic mouthwash solution had good antimicrobial activity against mutans streptococci and oral microorganisms. Maintenance of reduced salivary levels of streptococci was observed after 2 weeks at the end of mouthwash use. Unpleasant taste (100%), halitosis (90%) and nausea (30%) were reported by subjects after the end of the study. It was concluded that the garlic clones have antimicrobial properties in vitro against streptococci and anticariogenic properties against oral microorganism in spite of its adverse effects.

Abstract:We examined the impact of the severity of periodontal disease on quality of life in adults with chronic periodontitis. One hundred patients (age, 30-58 years) who were assisted at the Basic Health Care Unit in the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil underwent clinical examination of all standing teeth, including gingival bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level, and were divided into those with mild/moderate (n = 49; group G1) and severe (n = 51; group G2) chronic periodontitis. The participants were then interviewed, using a structured questionnaire. The Brazilian Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14Br) questionnaire was used to assess oral health-related quality of life. Associations were investigated, and those with a P value of less than 0.2 were tested using multiple logistic regression models. Those with a P value of 0.05 or less were considered significant. There was a significant association between G2 and education level (P = 0.00051). OHIP-14Br score was higher for G2 (24.1) than for G1 (18.2) (P = 0.0455). Severe chronic periodontitis was associated with low education level (≤8 years) (odds ratio [

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two amoxicillin protocols for antibiotic prophylaxis in implant placement surgeries. (mean 51,9 ± 2,5 Methods A clinical study was performed with 66 volunteers of both genders RESUMOObjetivo Avaliar a eficácia de dois protocolos de amoxicilina em cirurgias para instalação de implantes. MétodosFoi realizado um estudo clinico com 66 voluntários de ambos os gêneros (idade média 51,9±2,5 anos) que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e que foram distribuídos por sorteio em 2 grupos: Grupo 1 (n=35) -amoxicilina (2g) por via oral 1h antes da cirurgia e Grupo 2 (n=31) -amoxicilina (2g) por via oral 1h antes da cirurgia e 500mg a cada 8 horas durante 7 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados no pós-operatório foram ocorrência de reações adversas, dor e perda de implantes. A dor foi avaliada no dia da cirurgia (antes, imediatamente após e à noite), 24h, 48h, 72h e 1 semana após as cirurgias, e os demais parâmetros foram avaliados em consultas diárias até o terceiro dia pós-cirúrgico, 7 dias e 3 meses após as cirurgias. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística com nível de significância de 5%. ResultadosReações adversas (cefaleia, diarréia, dor estomacal e náusea) e perda de implantes ocorreram apenas em G2 (4 voluntários e 3 implantes, respectivamente), e em relação à dor foram observados valores maiores para G2 nos tempos "à noite (p=0,0043), 24h (p=0,0013), 48h (p=0,0187) e 72h (p=0,0445). ConclusãoOs dados sugerem que a dose única de amoxicilina (2g) foi eficaz na profilaxia antibiótica para cirurgias de implantes, e que a amoxicilina no período pós-operatório não proporcionou benefício adicional.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of four formulations of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] pastes against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans. Methods: A broth dilution test was performed, and the lengths of time for different pastes to kill the microbial cells were recorded and statistically analyzed. The following medications were assessed: Group I – Ca(OH)2 + 2.0% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel; Group II – Ca(OH)2 + camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CMCP) and propylene glycol; Group III – Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol; Group IV – Ca(OH)2 + saline. Results: The results showed that E. faecalis was the most resistant microorganism. Groups II and III eliminated all the microbial cells in 15 seconds. Group I took 45 seconds to eliminate E. faecalis. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, it was concluded that all the intracanal medications tested showed antibacterial activity. However, the association of Ca(OH)2 and PMCC or Ca(OH)2 and propylene glycol showed a better performance, since Groups II and III took a shorter length of time than the other groups to eliminate S. aureus and E. faecalis. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:1-7)