Using an app to count calories: Motives, perceptions, and connections to thinness- and muscularity-oriented disordered eating

Messer, Mariel; McClure, Zoe; Norton, Bethany; Smart, Melanie; Linardon, Jake

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101568

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Moreover, the MOET also demonstrated high temporal stability in Chinese women as indicated by the large ICC value, findings consistent withde Carvalho et al (2022) showing an ICC of .92 in Brazilian women.In terms of convergent validity, we found that the MOET total scores had large correlations with thinness-oriented disordered eating as measured by the EDE-QS, drive for muscularity as measured by the FMS, and psychosocial impairment as measured by the CIA 3.0, indicating good convergent validity of the MOET in Chinese women. Particularly, in line withMesser et al (2021), who found a correlation of r = .74 between the MOET scores and the EDE-Q global scores in a sample with a majority of women (84.95%), we also found a comparably large correlation of r = .73 in the sample of Chinese women, indicating the close association…”

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confidence: 91%

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Validation of the muscularity‐oriented eating test in adult women in China

Cui

Barnhart

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective Research on muscularity‐oriented disordered eating has grown in recent years. However, the bulk of this research has focused on men and Western populations. Limited research is available in non‐Western populations of women (e.g., China) which is likely due to the lack of valid instruments in these populations. Thus, the current study aimed to describe the validity and reliability of the Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) in Chinese women. Method Two online surveys (survey one: n = 599, Mage = 29.49, SD = 7.36; survey two: n = 201, Mage = 28.42, SD = 7.76) were conducted to explore the psychometric properties of the MOET in Chinese women. In survey one, the factor structure of the MOET was examined via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA). Internal consistency reliability and convergent and incremental validity of the MOET were also assessed. In survey two, test–retest reliability across a 2‐week interval was examined. Results EFA and CFA provided support for the unidimensional factor structure of the MOET in Chinese adult women. The MOET presented good internal consistency and test–retest reliability and convergent validity via large, positive associations with theoretically related constructs (e.g., thinness‐oriented disordered eating, drive for muscularity, and psychosocial impairment). Finally, muscularity‐oriented disordered eating described unique variance in psychosocial impairment, providing support for the incremental validity of the MOET. Discussion The sound psychometric structure of the MOET was supported in Chinese women. Continued research is needed to describe muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Chinese women to contribute to this significant gap in the literature. Public Significance The Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a measure specifically developed for assessing muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. This study examined the validity and reliability of the MOET in Chinese women. The results showed that the MOET had sound validity and reliability in Chinese women. Thus, the MOET is a valuable tool for advancing the understanding of the muscularity‐oriented disordered eating of women from the Chinese context.

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confidence: 91%

“…Based on previous studies validating and/or using the MOET in women (Cunningham et al, 2021;de Carvalho et al, 2022;Messer et al, 2021;Messer et al, 2022), we hypothesized that ( 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the muscularity‐oriented eating test in adult women in China

Cui

Barnhart

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…The association between the MOET and the subscales of feelings about eating and the idea of normal eating was significant among women. It is known that women believe that certain foods are better than others to achieve a defined body, such as fruits and lean meats (Ambwani et al, 2019; Messer et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and measurement invariance of the Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test among Brazilian men and women

Carvalho

Bagolin

Junqueira

et al. 2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective The Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a 15‐item unidimensional scale, designed to assess eating practices that occur in the pursuit of a muscular body. The aim of the present study was to describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the MOET to Brazilian Portuguese, to explore its factor structure and measurement invariance, and to evaluate its internal consistency, three‐week test–retest reliability, and convergent validity in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. Method After the back‐translation procedure, the Brazilian MOET was administered online to a sample of 1246 adults (634 men and 612 women), along with measures of drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization, disordered eating behaviors, and exercise dependence. Results Findings from an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis revealed a one‐factor structure and adequate internal consistency for men (ω = 0.86; α = 0.86) and women (ω = .84; α = .83). Measurement invariance across gender was supported. In addition, the scale demonstrated good three week test–retest reliability for both men (ICC = .96; p < .001) and women (ICC = .92; p < .001), and the subscales revealed moderate to large associations with drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization, disordered eating, and exercise dependence. Conclusion This study supports the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women and represents an advance in measures of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults, allowing for future cross‐cultural studies in this field. Public Significance The Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating, which assess strict adherence to diet rules, including the food's macronutrient content, regulation of protein intake, and eating less or more to influence muscle gain. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. Our findings represent an advance in measures of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults.

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“…The small number of studies evaluating mobile applications in youth is also somewhat surprising considering the many different mobile applications available for ED care [ 79 , 80 ] and considering that youth, especially females, are amongst the biggest users of mobile phones and applications [ 81 ]. Given this context, future research may consider the impacts of unexamined use of mobile apps for EDs, especially because mobile apps which track calories have been associated with increased ED symptomatology [ 82 – 84 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of technology in the treatment of youth with eating disorders: A scoping review

et al. 2022

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Background Adolescence and young adulthood is a high-risk period for the development of eating disorders. In recent years, there has been an increase in use of technology-based interventions (TBIs) for the treatment of eating disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the types of technology used for eating disorder treatment in youth and their effectiveness. Methods A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Four databases were searched. Eligible articles included: (1) a TBI (2) participants with a mean age between 10- and 25-years and meeting DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria for any eating disorder and (3) qualitative or quantitative designs. Quantitative and qualitative studies were assessed for quality. Results The search identified 1621 articles. After screening of titles and abstracts, 130 articles were read in full and assessed for eligibility by two raters. Forty-nine (29 quantitative and 20 qualitative, observational, or mixed methods studies) met inclusion criteria. Quality ratings indicated that 78% of quantitative studies had a low risk of bias and 22% had a moderate risk. Technologies reviewed in our study included videoconference therapy, mobile applications, and online self-help. We considered interventions used both within sessions with clinicians as well as those used in between sessions by patients alone. Fifteen of 18 (83%) quantitative studies found that TBIs reduce eating disorder symptomatology, with nine of those reporting medium-to-large effect sizes. Qualitative data was of high quality and suggested that virtual interventions are acceptable in this population. Conclusions Although identified studies are of high quality, they are limited in number. More research is needed, particularly regarding videoconferencing and mobile applications. Nonetheless, TBIs show promise for the treatment of eating disorders in youth. Trial registration: Not applicable.

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Using an app to count calories: Motives, perceptions, and connections to thinness- and muscularity-oriented disordered eating

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Validation of the muscularity‐oriented eating test in adult women in China

Validation of the muscularity‐oriented eating test in adult women in China

Validation and measurement invariance of the Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test among Brazilian men and women

The use of technology in the treatment of youth with eating disorders: A scoping review

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