Use of indigestible markers to estimate the apparent dry matter digestibility of diets containing a cocoa by-product

Abstract

Fecal production and apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) were evaluated using external markers (chromium oxide; titanium dioxide; isolated, purified, and enriched lignin (LIPE®); and isolated, purified, and enriched lignin nanoparticles (NANOLIPE®) and internal markers (indigestible DM (IDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF), and indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) in diets based on Tifton 85 bermuda grass (Cynodon sp.) hay containing different concentrations of a cocoa by-product. Sixteen crossbred (Holstein × Zebu) dairy heifers with a mean live weight of 363.00 ± 27.70 kg were evaluated and distributed in a completely randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement. The plots corresponded to the diets, which differed in the substitution of bermuda grass hay with different concentrations (0, 8, 16, and 24% of DM) of the cocoa by-product, whereas the splitplots represented the indigestible markers. Chromic oxide, LIPE®, NANOLIPE®, and INDF accurately estimated ADMD and fecal production whereas titanium dioxide, IDM, and IADF did not accurately estimate these parameters.

Digestibility of diets with passion fruit by-product estimated through external and internal markers in dairy heifers

“…The results obtained with this marker in the present study are promising, and the intake and digestibility trials that have used it are recent. A noteworthy advantage of NANOLIPE® is the shorter time of adaptation of the animals and shorter period of fecal collection compared with those of the other evaluated markers, which makes it possible to minimize the work, labor and animal stress, demonstrating its use potential, as shown in the studies of Moss et al (2017) and Figueiredo et al (2019). Table 4.…”

“…The CO and TD markers were mixed with the diet at the dose of 10 g animal -1 day -1 , for an adaptation period of seven days followed by five days of feces collection. The LIPE® and NANOLIPE® markers were administered orally, in the form of capsules, at the dose of 500 mg animal -1 , for an adaptation period of two days (Lima, Graça, Borges, Saliba, & Simão, 2008) followed by five days of total fecal collection for LIPE® and one day of adaptation followed by one day of total fecal collection for NANOLIPE® (Figueiredo et al, 2019). The internal markers iDM, iNDF and iADF were obtained from samples of feed, orts and feces, which were packed in non-woven fabric bags ("TNT"; 100 g cm -2 ) measuring 4 × 5 cm and incubated in the rumen of two adult cattle for 264h, as suggested by Casali et al (2008), to obtain the indigestible fractions in situ.…”

Tempo de coleta para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade de nutrientes em equinos

“…Para o método da LIPE ® , o indicador externo LIPE ® foi ofertado 48h antes do início das coletas, em forma de cápsulas (500 mg/animal/dia) garantindo a ingestão total do indicador, junto com uma alíquota de 200g do concentrado ofertado no período da tarde, (Figueiredo et al, 2019). No método LIPE 3, os animais consumiram o indicador uma vez ao dia durante o período de adaptação de 48h e nos três dias de coleta parcial de fezes, totalizando cinco dias de administração do indicador, adaptando a técnica desenvolvida por Lanzetta et al (2009).…”

“…Nos últimos anos o indicador LIPE ® (lignina purificada e enriquecida) vem sendo utilizado para auxiliar na determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade de nutrientes em equinos (Moss et al, 2017;Figueiredo et al, 2019), e quando comparado com o marcador externo óxido crômico, demonstrou não haver diferenças entre os indicadores (Lazentta et al, 2009), possibilitando assim, seu uso na determinação de coeficientes de digestibilidade para equinos. Além disso, o uso da LIPE® permite reduzir o período de amostragem, obtendo resultados confiáveis, menor manipulação das fezes e otimização do tempo, pois a coleta é realizada uma vez ao dia (Soares et al, 2011).…”

Sources of acid insoluble ash as marker of corn digestibility in broilers

“…Acid insoluble ash could be used as an internal marker to calculate the digestibility of a diet precisely, and the method could be used as an alternative to total collection method in many animals (Figueiredo et al, 2019;Papadomichelakis & Fegeros, 2020). However, Prawirodigdo, Gannon, Leury and Dunshea (2021) demonstrated that the basal diet and choice of indigestible marker can substantially influence the determination of apparent total tract digestibility and that the use of AIA as an indigestible marker varies with species of animal used.…”