Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Abstract

This study was designed to determine whether Staphylococcus saprophyticus was an important cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), as has been reported by European, but not by American, investigators, S. saprophyticus was the second most common cause of UTI in young (mean age, 20 years), sexually active female outpatients without known preexisting kidney disease or preceding manipulation of the urinary tract. Most cases presented as acute cystitis, but frank pyelonephritis and UTI in pregnant females were observed. The organism was rarely found as a contaminant in urine cultures. When present in the mucocutaneous flora of the anal-urogenital area, the organism was significantly associated with UTI by the same organism. These results show that S. saprophyticus should be accepted as an important urinary tract pathogen of young female patients in the United States. A simple adequate laboratory identification may be based on resistance to novobiocin (disk diffusion test), absence of hemolysis and coagulase, and intense pigment production (65% of strains yellow, 35% white).

Does Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Cause Acute Cystitis only in Young Females, or is there more to the Story? A One-Year Comprehensive Study Done in Budapest, Hungary

“…In males around the age of 5, an anatomical explanation could be plausible, in which the proximity of the distal gastrointestinal tract to the genital tract may lead to an increased risk of ascending UTIs. Around the age of 15, however, the possibility of early sexual activity may be more likely, which also raises the question as to whether or not S. saprophyticus may be implicated in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [14].…”

Rapid identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

“…In the last two decades coagulase- negative staphylococci have emerged as significant pathogens, especially in medical-device-related infections and in immunocompromised patients. In the 1980s many surveys indicated a higher frequency of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains associated with human infections compared to other coagulase-negative staphylococcal species (Kloos & Wolfshohl, 1982 ;Marisk & Brake, 1982 ;Sewell et al, 1982 ;Jordan et al, 1980). Recently, it was reported that strains belonging to the species Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus saccharolyticus can occasionally cause bacteremia and infective endocarditis (Kloos & Bannerman, 1994 ;Schnitzler et al, 1997 ;Weinstein et al, 1998).…”

Etiopathological Study of Mutrakricchra With Special Reference to Urinary Tract Infection: A Review

“…A third factor is a recent UTI, because approximately 27% of women with an initial episode of cystitis have recurrent infection. Some UTIs tend to cluster in time in the same individual from a persistent focus, but 90% of recurrent UTIs appear to be a newly reintroduced infection with new bacteria, occurring months apart 65 . Diaphragm and spermicidal use, which constitute the fourth risk factor, increase the risk of UTIs by killing H2O2-producing Lactobacillus while having no effect on Escherichia coli.…”