Urban Runoff Mitigation by a Permeable Pavement System over Impermeable Soils

Fassman, Elizabeth A.; Blackbourn, Samuel D.

doi:10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000238

Cited by 235 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This flow takes place after initial fracture flow and before the matrix and fracture pressures equilibrate (Bai et al, 1994). Several studies have demonstrated the long tailing from permeable pavements in discharge hydrographs (e.g., Brattebo and Booth, 2003;Fassman and Blackbourn, 2010) and attributed this effect to the storage and flow through the base and sub-base layers.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive numerical analysis of the hydraulic behavior of a permeable pavement

Brunetti

Šimůnek

Piro

2016

Journal of Hydrology

115

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a b s t r a c tThe increasing frequency of flooding events in urban catchments related to an increase in impervious surfaces highlights the inadequacy of traditional urban drainage systems. Low Impact Development (LID) techniques have proven to be a viable and effective alternative by reducing stormwater runoff and increasing the infiltration and evapotranspiration capacity of urban areas. However, the lack of adequate modeling tools represents a barrier in designing and constructing such systems. This paper investigates the suitability of a mechanistic model, HYDRUS-1D, to correctly describe the hydraulic behavior of permeable pavement installed at the University of Calabria. Two different scenarios of describing the hydraulic behavior of the permeable pavement system were analyzed: the first one uses a singleporosity model for all layers of the permeable pavement; the second one uses a dual-porosity model for the base and sub-base layers. Measured and modeled month-long hydrographs were compared using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index. A Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) followed by a Monte Carlo filtering highlighted the influence of the wear layer on the hydraulic behavior of the pavement and identified the ranges of parameters generating behavioral solutions. Reduced ranges were then used in the calibration procedure conducted with the metaheuristic Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for the estimation of hydraulic parameters. The best fit value for the first scenario was NSE = 0.43; for the second scenario, it was NSE = 0.81, indicating that the dual-porosity approach is more appropriate for describing the variably-saturated flow in the base and sub-base layers. Estimated parameters were validated using an independent, month-long set of measurements, resulting in NSE values of 0.43 and 0.86 for the first and second scenarios, respectively. The improvement in correspondence between measured and modeled hydrographs confirmed the reliability of the combination of GSA and PSO in dealing with highly dimensional optimization problems. Obtained results have demonstrated that PSO, due to its easiness of implementation and effectiveness, can represent a new and viable alternative to traditional optimization algorithms for the inverse estimation of unsaturated hydraulic properties. Finally, the results confirmed the suitability and the accuracy of HYDRUS-1D in correctly describing the hydraulic behavior of permeable pavements.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive numerical analysis of the hydraulic behavior of a permeable pavement

Brunetti

Šimůnek

Piro

2016

Journal of Hydrology

115

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“…Abbott and Comino-Mateos (2003) measured the outflow from a car park with a permeable pavement system and found that on average, only 22.5% of runoff leaves the system during a storm, and that a 2-h storm event takes two days to drain out of the system. Fassman and Blackbourn (2010) found that the peak flow from a permeable pavement underdrain is less flashy and tends to show less variation overall than that from asphalt surface during storms. Chapman and Horner (2010) reported that a street-side bioretention facility in Washington can achieve 26e52% of runoff retention in real-weather conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effects of low impact development on urban flooding under different rainfall characteristics

Qin

2013

Journal of Environmental Management

417

201

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a b s t r a c tLow impact development (LID) is generally regarded as a more sustainable solution for urban stormwater management than conventional urban drainage systems. However, its effects on urban flooding at a scale of urban drainage systems have not been fully understood particularly when different rainfall characteristics are considered. In this paper, using an urbanizing catchment in China as a case study, the effects of three LID techniques (swale, permeable pavement and green roof) on urban flooding are analyzed and compared with the conventional drainage system design. A range of storm events with different rainfall amounts, durations and locations of peak intensity are considered for holistic assessment of the LID techniques. The effects are measured by the total flood volume reduction during a storm event compared to the conventional drainage system design. The results obtained indicate that all three LID scenarios are more effective in flood reduction during heavier and shorter storm events. Their performance, however, varies significantly according to the location of peak intensity. That is, swales perform best during a storm event with an early peak, permeable pavements perform best with a middle peak, and green roofs perform best with a late peak, respectively. The trends of flood reduction can be explained using a newly proposed water balance method, i.e., by comparing the effective storage depth of the LID designs with the accumulative rainfall amounts at the beginning and end of flooding in the conventional drainage system. This paper provides an insight into the performance of LID designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.

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“…This is due to a delayed response in the matrix to pressure head changes that occur in the surrounding fractures. Brattebo and Booth (2003), Brunetti et al (2016b), andFassman et al (2010) observed a similar behavior in permeable pavements, the base and sub-base layers of which are composed of crushed stones. In such circumstances, more complex models are needed to simultaneously describe fast preferential flow and the matrixfracture interactions in the filter layer (Brunetti et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Kriging-based Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 64%

On the use of surrogate-based modeling for the numerical analysis of Low Impact Development techniques

Brunetti

Šimůnek

Turco

et al. 2017

Journal of Hydrology

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a b s t r a c tMechanistic models have proven to be accurate tools for the numerical analysis of the hydraulic behavior of Low Impact Development (LIDs) techniques. However, their widespread adoption has been limited by their computational cost. In this view, surrogate modeling is focused on developing and using a computationally inexpensive surrogate of the original model. While having been previously applied to various water-related and environmental modeling problems, no studies have used surrogate models for the analysis of LIDs. The aim of this research thus was to investigate the benefit of surrogate-based modeling in the numerical analysis of LIDs. The kriging technique was used to approximate the deterministic response of the widely used mechanistic model HYDRUS-2D, which was employed to simulate the variably-saturated hydraulic behavior of a contained stormwater filter. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index was used to compare the simulated and measured outflows and as the variable of interest for the construction of the response surface. The validated kriging model was first used to carry out a Global Sensitivity Analysis of the unknown soil hydraulic parameters of the filter layer, revealing that only the shape parameter a and the saturated hydraulic conductivity K s significantly affected the model response. Next, the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was used to estimate their values. The NSE value of 0.85 indicated a good accuracy of estimated parameters. Finally, the calibrated model was validated against an independent set of measured outflows with a NSE value of 0.8, which again corroborated the reliability of the surrogate-based optimized parameters.

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Urban Runoff Mitigation by a Permeable Pavement System over Impermeable Soils

Cited by 235 publications

References 11 publications

A comprehensive numerical analysis of the hydraulic behavior of a permeable pavement

A comprehensive numerical analysis of the hydraulic behavior of a permeable pavement

The effects of low impact development on urban flooding under different rainfall characteristics

On the use of surrogate-based modeling for the numerical analysis of Low Impact Development techniques

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