On the use of surrogate-based modeling for the numerical analysis of Low Impact Development techniques

Abstract

a b s t r a c tMechanistic models have proven to be accurate tools for the numerical analysis of the hydraulic behavior of Low Impact Development (LIDs) techniques. However, their widespread adoption has been limited by their computational cost. In this view, surrogate modeling is focused on developing and using a computationally inexpensive surrogate of the original model. While having been previously applied to various water-related and environmental modeling problems, no studies have used surrogate models for the analysis of LIDs. The aim of this research thus was to investigate the benefit of surrogate-based modeling in the numerical analysis of LIDs. The kriging technique was used to approximate the deterministic response of the widely used mechanistic model HYDRUS-2D, which was employed to simulate the variably-saturated hydraulic behavior of a contained stormwater filter. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index was used to compare the simulated and measured outflows and as the variable of interest for the construction of the response surface. The validated kriging model was first used to carry out a Global Sensitivity Analysis of the unknown soil hydraulic parameters of the filter layer, revealing that only the shape parameter a and the saturated hydraulic conductivity K s significantly affected the model response. Next, the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was used to estimate their values. The NSE value of 0.85 indicated a good accuracy of estimated parameters. Finally, the calibrated model was validated against an independent set of measured outflows with a NSE value of 0.8, which again corroborated the reliability of the surrogate-based optimized parameters.

New features of version 3 of the HYDRUS (2D/3D) computer software package

“…Another application concerns a relatively new approach to land development known as Low-Impact Development (LID), which is a "green" approach to storm-water management that seeks to mimic the natural hydrology of a site using decentralized microscale control measures (Coffman, 2002). Low-impact development practices range from the use of bioretention cells, infiltration (dry) wells or trenches, stormwater wetlands, wet ponds, level spreaders, permeable pavements, swales, green roofs, vegetated filter and buffer strips, sand filters, smaller culverts, to water harvesting systems (Brunetti et al, 2016(Brunetti et al, , 2017. We provide later two applications where the reservoir BC is used to evaluate fluxes into or out of wells, as well as to Fig.…”

On the Information Content of Cosmic‐Ray Neutron Data in the Inverse Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties

“…In this perspective, the use of CRNP rover data could improve the description of the spatial patterns of SHPs (Gibson and Franz, 2018). A computationally cheap alternative would be to use the kriging technique (Brunetti et al, 2017) to interpolate the HYDRUS‐1D predictions.…”

A hybrid finite volume-finite element model for the numerical analysis of furrow irrigation and fertigation

“…The mesh sensitivity analysis is used to examine the effects of the coarse spatial discretization on the results of the model. The analysis reveals that the model guarantees a sufficient accuracy even for larger mesh sizes, thus suggesting its application as a lower fidelity surrogate in computationally intensive statistical analyses (e.g., Brunetti et al, 2017aBrunetti et al, , 2017b.…”