Abstract:Long-term scenarios for mobility within cities usually neglect the energy supply challenge and how the implied risks affect urban mobility services. High levels of private transport and fossil fuel dependency tend to prevail in urban agglomerations of modern cities in many parts of the world. The resilience approach supports a new perspective on transportation solutions, not only based on how to consume less energy or emit less CO2, but how vulnerable urban mobility is in face of a fossil threat. This paper ai… Show more
“…Rocinha (6), Cidade de Deus (34), and Paquetá (21) are the worst regions in the overall analysis. They have the lowest levels of resilience and the highest levels of vulnerability, both as origins and destinations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The authors classified the level of resilience as persistent, adaptable, or transformable. The classification is based especially on the change that would occur in the users' expense matrix if fossil fuels were to double in price [34].…”
Resilience is the ability of a system to adapt, persist, and transform as a reaction to threats, which may be external or internal to the system, while vulnerability is the state of being susceptible to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the inability to adapt. Based on a study of the threats that can affect urban mobility, we identified a gap regarding the analysis of the levels of resilience and vulnerability in the face of subsidy threats that can severely affect developing countries. This article measures the level of resilience and vulnerability due to the absence of public transport fare subsidies. For this purpose, we developed an approach based on fuzzy logic and applied it in 33 administrative regions (ARs) of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We obtained four matrices of the levels of vulnerability and resilience of each of the regions as an origin and destination. The results show that areas nearest to the downtown region and those with high-capacity transportation available (commuter train and/or subway, systems with many transfer points) are more resilient, while a high level of vulnerability is associated with low income, negative socioeconomic indicators, and the predominance of road transportation to reach jobs. The contribution of this paper is the method applied to analyse the levels of vulnerability and resilience of public transport, which includes a threat that can cause a rupture that impacts routines and job accessibility in a region.
“…Rocinha (6), Cidade de Deus (34), and Paquetá (21) are the worst regions in the overall analysis. They have the lowest levels of resilience and the highest levels of vulnerability, both as origins and destinations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The authors classified the level of resilience as persistent, adaptable, or transformable. The classification is based especially on the change that would occur in the users' expense matrix if fossil fuels were to double in price [34].…”
Resilience is the ability of a system to adapt, persist, and transform as a reaction to threats, which may be external or internal to the system, while vulnerability is the state of being susceptible to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the inability to adapt. Based on a study of the threats that can affect urban mobility, we identified a gap regarding the analysis of the levels of resilience and vulnerability in the face of subsidy threats that can severely affect developing countries. This article measures the level of resilience and vulnerability due to the absence of public transport fare subsidies. For this purpose, we developed an approach based on fuzzy logic and applied it in 33 administrative regions (ARs) of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We obtained four matrices of the levels of vulnerability and resilience of each of the regions as an origin and destination. The results show that areas nearest to the downtown region and those with high-capacity transportation available (commuter train and/or subway, systems with many transfer points) are more resilient, while a high level of vulnerability is associated with low income, negative socioeconomic indicators, and the predominance of road transportation to reach jobs. The contribution of this paper is the method applied to analyse the levels of vulnerability and resilience of public transport, which includes a threat that can cause a rupture that impacts routines and job accessibility in a region.
“…Por isso, muitas organizações, como as Nações Unidas, a União Europeia, agências e departamentos governamentais, organizações não-governamentais internacionais e grupos comunitários promovem a resiliência (COAFFEE et al, 2018). Assim, elaborar uma estratégia para quantificar a resiliência pode ser uma interessante ferramenta no processo de planejamento dos sistemas de transporte (D'LIMA; MEDDA, 2015), não apenas com o objetivo de consumir menos energia ou emitir menos CO2, mas também de diminuir a vulnerabilidade da mobilidade urbana diante de uma ameaça fóssil (FERNANDES et al, 2019).…”
Section: Justificativaunclassified
“…A previsão é que, em 2040, a demanda por este combustível corresponda a 85% da demanda total dos transportes (BP, 2018). Devido à grande dependência de um suprimento de petróleo acessível e constante, o "pico de petróleo" continua sendo um problema (LEUNG;BURKE;CUI, 2018), além das crises provocadas pela variação do seu preço (LEUNG;BURKE;CUI, 2018;FERNANDES et al, 2019;MATTIOLI et al, 2019).…”
Section: A Dependência Aos Modos Motorizadosunclassified
“…Em relação aos sistemas de transporte, a resiliência vem sendo avaliada em abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, em geral para avaliar a rede de um único modo de transporte diante de eventos prejudiciais, por meio de simulações e de metodologias de otimização (LEOBONS; CAMPOS; BANDEIRA, 2019). Em relação aos eventos perturbadores, são encontrados estudos que consideram, entre outras, interrupções de redes (sem especificar o episódio causador) (BERCHE et al, 2009;JIN et al, 2014;D'LIMA;MEDDA, 2015;MORELLI;CUNHA, 2019), crises econômicas ou energéticas (FERNANDES et al, 2019;MARTINS; RODRIGUES DA SILVA; PINTO, 2019), desastres de origem humana (COX; PRAGER; ROSE, 2011) e, em grande parte, desastres naturais (CHAN;SCHOFER, 2016;BEHESHTIAN et al, 2018). Quanto ao modo de transporte explorado, são encontradas pesquisas que avaliam um único modo (CHAN;SCHOFER, 2016;D'LIMA;MEDDA, 2015) e que analisam a integração entre diferentes modos de transportes, considerando a compensação da demanda atingida pela utilização de modos alternativos (COX;PRAGER;ROSE, 2011;JIN et al, 2014) ou uma adequação no modo de transporte a ser utilizado (MARTINS; RODRIGUES DA SILVA, 2018MARTINS;PINTO, 2019).…”
Section: Aplicação Do Conceito Na Análise De Sistemas De Transporteunclassified
Agradeço a Deus, por sempre iluminar meus caminhos e por me cercar das pessoas sem as quais eu não chegaria até aqui.Agradeço aos meus pais, Zenith e Daniel, pelo apoio e dedicação. Ao meu irmão, pelo amor e companheirismo. Aos meus familiares: a torcida e o carinho de cada um, mesmo distantes, foram fundamentais.Àquele que acredita mais em mim do que eu mesma. Guilherme, obrigada por compartilhar comigo esse sonho e por me apoiar sob qualquer circunstância.Agradeço ao professor Antônio Nélson, pela confiança, por aceitar me orientar nessa jornada e pelo exemplo de educador que é.Aos meus amigos e colegas do STT, agradeço pela companhia, pelas conversas, pelo cafezinho de todo dia e, em algumas situações, pela paciência. Foram vocês que fizeram possível a conclusão desses dois anos em São Carlos.Ao CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), pela bolsa de estudos que contribuiu para que eu pudesse me dedicar integralmente ao programa de pós-graduação.Agradeço a todos que contribuíram para a realização dessa pesquisa e que me apoiaram, possibilitando a conclusão de mais uma etapa importante da minha vida.
RESUMOAZOLIN, L. G. O transporte público em uma estratégia de avaliação da resiliência na mobilidade urbana. 2020. Dissertação (Mestrado) -
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