RESUMOEstudos voltados para mobilidade sustentável vêm crescendo desde o final do século XX, e desde então os trabalhos empíricos e teóricos são crescentes neste âmbito. Este trabalho introduz um tema que ainda está pouco desenvolvido dentro da área de transportes, que é a preocupação com a vulnerabilidade da mobilidade urbana, frente a ameaças repen nas e espontâneas, em termos de recursos naturais, no âmbito da disponibilidade em si e a volalidade econômica destas commodi es -em evidência o petróleo. Desta forma, este ar go contribui com uma revisão histórica da relação entre o setor dos transportes urbanos e as fontes de energia. Além disso, apresenta-se de forma incipiente uma proposta de conceituação e sistema zação da resiliência da mobilidade urbana. ABSTRACTStudies focused on sustainable mobility have been growing since the late twen eth century, and since then the empirical and theore cal contribu ons are increasing in this scope. However, this work introduces a topic that has been liLle developed in the transporta on area yet, which is the aspect of the vulnerability of urban mobility, by poten ally facing sudden and spontaneous threats, in terms of natural resources, concerning availability itself and the economic vola lity of these commodi es (e.g. oil, natural gas, etc.). Thus, this ar cle contributes with a historical review of the rela onship between transport and energy sources. Besides that, it also contributes with an incipient framework of the urban mobility resilience concept. Palavras-chaves:Resiliência, Mobilidade, CombusOvel Fóssil. Keywords:Resilience, Mobility, Fossil Fuels. DOI:10.14295/transportes.v25i4.1079 INTRODUÇÃOEm que direçaõ as cidades dos paıśes desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento estão caminhando? A populaçaõ urbana do globo já ultrapassou os 50% da população mundial, e de acordo com as Nações Unidas (2015), este percentual pode alcançar 66% até 2050. Por conta deste prospecto, espera-se que soluções e+icientes sejam desenvolvidas para aprimorar aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais, frente ao aumento dos problemas urbanos que ameaçam cidades em toda parte do planeta.Por conta das crescentes preocupações com os impactos da urbanização na disponibilidade de recursos naturais, nas mudanças climáticas e qualidade de vida, este artigo busca focar no tema da mobilidade urbana, e sua ligaçaõ com questões relacionadas aos combustıveis fósseis. Apesar de existir um esforço para aprimorar o setor de transporte nas cidades, ainda há uma crescente demanda na melhora da mobilidade urbana e na redução dos impactos ambientais gerados por este setor.
Long-term scenarios for mobility within cities usually neglect the energy supply challenge and how the implied risks affect urban mobility services. High levels of private transport and fossil fuel dependency tend to prevail in urban agglomerations of modern cities in many parts of the world. The resilience approach supports a new perspective on transportation solutions, not only based on how to consume less energy or emit less CO2, but how vulnerable urban mobility is in face of a fossil threat. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of urban mobility in the face of fossil fuel threats under a social and geographical scope. We apply a case study with the city of Rio de Janeiro, confronting city inhabitants with a price increase of gasoline and oil-based public transportation. We found that more than 50% of the districts of Rio de Janeiro presents low-medium or low level of resilience of urban mobility. Furthermore, they are in areas with lower accessibility to metro stations and more citizens with reduced income levels.
Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is imperative to achieve business sustainability in the long-term perspective and also to increase companies’ competitiveness. ISO 31000—Risk Management explains in its latest versions the need for companies to integrate a risk management process into their business models. Complementary to this standard, ISO 31010 presents 31 risk tools to guide companies in this task. However, a question of practical application arises as to which tools should be used for each stage of the SCRM process. In view of the raised question, the main objective of this research is to select ISO 31010 tools that can be used in each of the stages (identify, analyze, and evaluate) of the risk management of the import and export process of an automotive industry located in Brazil. For this, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP method) was used in a case study to prioritize the tools to compose the SCRM. As practical implications, this study resulted in the suggestion of a structured risk management process, considering the assessment of key professionals of the department studied in the company.
This paper examines the causality between tourism openness (TOOP), trade openness (TROP), and currency-purchasing power (BRPP) in Brazil and measures the future impact of innovations. Johansen cointegration tests and vector error correction estimates support the hypothesis that there is short-run and long-run, one-way Granger causality from TROP and BRPP to TOOP. Variance decomposition analysis shows a peak percent TOOP variance of 51% due to BRPP and TROP. BRPP shows as the main precedent variable to be observed for tourism planning. The analysis indicates that policymakers must consider BRPP and TROP in setting objectives for Brazilian tourism.
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