Unraveling the role of dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonizing maize (Zea mays) under cadmium stress: physiological, cytological and genic aspects

Wang, Jun-Ling; Li, Tao; Liu, Gaoyuan; Smith, Joshua M.; Zhao, Zhongqiu

doi:10.1038/srep22028

Cited by 145 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Maize was selected as a model organism because it also belongs to the Poaceae family, grows fast (Wang et al 2016), and because the same bacterial species have been described in both plants (Taulé et al 2012, Silva et al 2016). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane

Rodrigues

Forzani

Soares

et al. 2016

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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Microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility and plant health. They can act as biofertilizers and increase the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. This study aimed at isolating and characterizing plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane, as well as assessing their ability to promote plant growth. Endophytic bacteria from leaf, stem, root and rhizosphere were isolated from the RB 867515 commercial sugarcane variety and screened for indole acetic acid (IAA) production, ability to solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen and produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia and the enzymes pectinase, cellulase and chitinase. A total of 136 bacteria were isolated, with 83 of them presenting some plant growth mechanism: 47 % phosphate solubilizers, 26 % nitrogen fixers and 57 % producing IAA, 0.7 % HCN and chitinase, 45 % ammonia, 30 % cellulose and 8 % pectinase. The seven best isolates were tested for their ability to promote plant growth in maize. The isolates tested for plant growth promotion belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family and the Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Pantoea genera. Five isolates promoted plant growth in greenhouse experiments, showing potential as biofertilizers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane

Rodrigues

Forzani

Soares

et al. 2016

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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“…Recent studies have shown that root fungal endophytes can improve ecological adaptations of plants living in severe environments: root fungal endophytes can enhance the stress tolerance of plants to abiotic and biotic factors, including heat [14,15], salt [16,17], drought [18], herbivores [19,20], and pathogens [16,21,22] (see also reviews [23,24]). Root fungal endophytes such as dark-septate endophytes, induce tolerance of plants to heavy-metal stress, via enhancements of antioxidative system, changing heavy-metal distribution in plant cells and detoxification of heavy metal [25]. Thus, it is possible that microorganisms in the rhizosphere enhance stress tolerance in C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Fungal Endophytes Enhance Heavy-Metal Stress Tolerance of Clethra barbinervis Growing Naturally at Mining Sites via Growth Enhancement, Promotion of Nutrient Uptake and Decrease of Heavy-Metal Concentration

et al. 2016

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Clethra barbinervis Sieb. et Zucc. is a tree species that grows naturally at several mine sites and seems to be tolerant of high concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, and Pb. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism(s) underlying this species’ ability to tolerate the sites’ severe heavy-metal pollution by considering C. barbinervis interaction with root fungal endophytes. We measured the heavy metal concentrations of root-zone soil, leaves, branches, and fine roots collected from mature C. barbinervis at Hitachi mine. We isolated fungal endophytes from surface-sterilized root segments, and we examined the growth, and heavy metal and nutrient absorption of C. barbinervis seedlings growing in sterilized mine soil with or without root fungal endophytes. Field analyses showed that C. barbinervis contained considerably high amounts of Cu, Zn, and Pb in fine roots and Zn in leaves. The fungi, Phialocephala fortinii, Rhizodermea veluwensis, and Rhizoscyphus sp. were frequently isolated as dominant fungal endophyte species. Inoculation of these root fungal endophytes to C. barbinervis seedlings growing in sterilized mine soil indicated that these fungi significantly enhanced the growth of C. barbinervis seedlings, increased K uptake in shoots and reduced the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb in roots. Without root fungal endophytes, C. barbinervis could hardly grow under the heavy-metal contaminated condition, showing chlorosis, a symptom of heavy-metal toxicity. Our results indicate that the tree C. barbinervis can tolerate high heavy-metal concentrations due to the support of root fungal endophytes including P. fortinii, R. veluwensis, and Rhizoscyphus sp. via growth enhancement, K uptake promotion and decrease of heavy metal concentrations.

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“…The physiological consequences of Cd 2+ toxicity in plants are chlorosis, stunted growth, and cell death, among others567. At the cellular level, Cd 2+ can alter protein structure and inhibit enzyme activity by binding to sulfhydryl and carbonyl groups and replacing essential co-factors of enzymes789.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen sulfide - cysteine cycle system enhances cadmium tolerance through alleviating cadmium-induced oxidative stress and ion toxicity in Arabidopsis roots

Jia

Wang

Dou

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

104

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Cadmium (Cd 2+ ) is a common toxic heavy metal ion. We investigated the roles of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and cysteine (Cys) in plant responses to Cd 2+ stress. The expression of H 2 S synthetic genes LCD and DES1 were induced by Cd 2+ within 3 h, and endogenous H 2 S was then rapidly released. H 2 S promoted the expression of Cys synthesis-related genes SAT1 and OASA1, which led to endogenous Cys accumulation. The H 2 S and Cys cycle system was stimulated by Cd 2+ stress, and it maintained high levels in plant cells. H 2 S inhibited the ROS burst by inducing alternative respiration capacity (AP) and antioxidase activity. H 2 S weakened Cd 2+ toxicity by inducing the metallothionein (MTs) genes expression. Cys promoted GSH accumulation and inhibited the ROS burst, and GSH induced the expression of phytochelatin (PCs) genes, counteracting Cd 2+ toxicity. In summary, the H 2 S and Cys cycle system played a key role in plant responses to Cd 2+ stress. The Cd 2+ tolerance was weakened when the cycle system was blocked in lcddes1-1 and oasa1 mutants. This paper is the first to describe the role of the H 2 S and Cys cycle system in Cd 2+ stress and to explore the relevant and specificity mechanisms of H 2 S and Cys in mediating Cd 2+ stress.Cadmium (Cd 2+ ) is a common toxic heavy metal ion in the environment. It greatly affects the growth and development of plants and is harmful to human health through the food chain 1,2 . Because of its carcinogenic properties and its detrimental effects on the growth of organisms, Cd 2+ contamination of agricultural soil has become a critical concern. Preventing reduced growth and accumulation of Cd 2+ in harvested organs of plants growing on Cd 2+ -contaminated soils has become an urgent task as it can contribute to food safety. Thus, it is important to explore plant stress defense mechanisms and to find ways to reduce the Cd 2+ accumulation in grains.As a heavy metal not participating in redox reactions, Cd 2+ can easily dissolve in water and quickly be taken up by plant roots 3,4 . The physiological consequences of Cd 2+ toxicity in plants are chlorosis, stunted growth, and cell death, among others [5][6][7] . At the cellular level, Cd 2+ can alter protein structure and inhibit enzyme activity by binding to sulfhydryl and carbonyl groups and replacing essential co-factors of enzymes [7][8][9] . The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the primary response of plants to Cd 2+ with negative impact on cell function 10 . Further damage can be caused by ROS-independent, secondary mechanisms. Lipid peroxidation is the most deleterious effect caused by Cd 2+ -induced ROS 4 . Malondialdehyde (MDA), one of the decomposition products of lipid peroxidation, can modify active substrates in plant cells, including nucleic acids, proteins and saccharides 11 . To become resistant to Cd 2+ toxicity, plants have developed several strategies, such as inducing the

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Unraveling the role of dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonizing maize (Zea mays) under cadmium stress: physiological, cytological and genic aspects

Cited by 145 publications

References 55 publications

Isolation and selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane

Isolation and selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane

Root Fungal Endophytes Enhance Heavy-Metal Stress Tolerance of Clethra barbinervis Growing Naturally at Mining Sites via Growth Enhancement, Promotion of Nutrient Uptake and Decrease of Heavy-Metal Concentration

Hydrogen sulfide - cysteine cycle system enhances cadmium tolerance through alleviating cadmium-induced oxidative stress and ion toxicity in Arabidopsis roots

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