Universal social insurance for Mexico: Modeling of a financing scheme

Antón, Arturo; Boyd, Roy; Elizondo, Alejandra; Ibarrarán, María Eugenia

doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2015.10.020

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Esto es, debe considerarse que parte del ingreso derivado del impuesto se utilice, entre otras cosas, a subsidiar el transporte público y/o ofrecer un transporte público moderno y eficiente. Además, debe ponderarse la posibilidad de que estos impuestos ambientales sean reciclados para mejorar los sistemas de protección social, lo cual ayudaría a reducir los efectos negativos del alza en el precio de las gasolinas (al respecto, véase Antón et al, 2016). En este sentido, destaca que en Guatemala parte de la recaudación proveniente de este impuesto sea destinada por ley a servicios de transporte y obras de infraestructura vial, que a su vez podrían incentivar el uso de transporte público.…”

Section: Comentarios Finalesunclassified

Internalizando externalidades: El impuesto a la gasolina en Guatemala

Sarabia

Trillo

2019

REMEF

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ResumenEl objetivo de este artículo consiste en estimar el nivel óptimo de impuesto a la gasolina para internalizar los costos provocados por el uso del automóvil en un país en desarrollo como Guatemala. La estimación se lleva a cabo usando la metodología de Parry y Small (2005). Los resultados sugieren un nivel de impuesto óptimo de 27.5 cts. de dólar/litro. Destaca que el 40 % del impuesto está explicado por las externalidades asociadas a la congestión vehicular. El nivel estimado de 27.5 cts. de dólar/litro se encuentra por encima del impuesto en vigor para los dos tipos de gasolina a la venta en Guatemala, por lo cual se recomienda su ajuste. Existe cierta incertidumbre respecto al valor apropiado de algunos parámetros del modelo; sin embargo, el análisis de sensibilidad reporta que los resultados son robustos. El estudio destaca por ofrecer un procedimiento detallado para la estimación de este impuesto utilizando información de un país en desarrollo. Finalmente, se discute la necesidad de implementar políticas públicas para aminorar los efectos adversos del impuesto, especialmente entre los hogares de deciles medios y bajos. Clasificación JEL: H21, H23, R48 Palabras clave: impuesto a la gasolina, contaminación, congestión, Guatemala AbstractThe objective of this article is to estimate the optimal level of the tax on gasoline to internalize the costs caused by the use of cars in a developing country such as Guatemala. The estimation is done using the methodology by Parry and Small (2005). The results suggest an optimal tax level of USD27.5 cents per liter. Forty percent of the tax is explained by the externalities associated to traffic congestion. The estimated level of USD27.5 cents per liter is above the tax currently imposed for the two types of gasoline sold in Guatemala, thus their adjustment is recommended. There is a degree of uncertainty regarding the proper value of some of the parameters of the model; however, the sensitivity analysis reports that the results are robust. The study stands out among others because it offers a detailed procedure for the estimation of this tax, using information from a developing country. Finally, the need to implement public policies to decrease the adverse effects of the tax, especially among middle and lower decile households. JEL Classification: H21, H23, R48

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Section: Comentarios Finalesunclassified

Internalizando externalidades: El impuesto a la gasolina en Guatemala

Sarabia

Trillo

2019

REMEF

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“…Similar conclusions are reached in this article: life insurance might have the biggest effects. But this time, the investigation's purview is far wider, covering a comprehensive analysis of the ways in which all the main categories of insurance impact societal advancement.A dynamic general equilibrium model was used inAntón et al (2016) to simulate the social effects of various regulatory interventions moving from selective (i.e., contributions to social insurance are made by officially employed citizens as deductions from wages) to comprehensive social insurance. The research discussed in this article, in contrast to the previously described study, is more extensive; it considers time delays, previous societal shifts, and all forms of insurance.…”

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Time gap of the impact of risk insurance, life insurance and reinsurance on social progress: The case of Ukraine

Užík,

Yeremenko,

Sidelnyk

et al. 2023

Insurance Markets and Companies

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The paper examines, using the example of Ukraine from 2003 to 2020, how and to what extent the development of various segments of the insurance market (risk insurance, life insurance, and reinsurance) influences the overall level of social progress. It also identifies the time gaps through which this influence manifests. The study creates a single measure that looks at various aspects such as social class differences, spending patterns, income changes, and government social spending (their standardized values, weighed by the principal component method, integrated through additive convolution). Using VAR modeling, the impact of the development indicators of different segments of the insurance market (risk insurance, life insurance, and reinsurance) at the current moment and with lags of one, two, and three years is investigated, as well as the level of social progress in Ukraine in previous years. The modeling confirms that social reforms yield significant results for social progress only after three years, similarly to the increase in the number of insurance companies. Given insurers’ assets and payout levels, their growth in life insurance has a faster impact on social progress than in risk, while the opposite is true for premiums. Insurance premiums transferred to Ukrainian reinsurers negatively and slowly (over three years) affect social progress, and to non-resident reinsurers – positively and faster (within a year). Across most indicators, life insurance not only influences Ukraine’s social progress more quickly than others but also provides a more substantial social effect.

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Economic impact of ethanol promotion in Mexico: A general equilibrium analysis

Elizondo

Boyd

2017

Energy Policy

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Universal social insurance for Mexico: Modeling of a financing scheme

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Internalizando externalidades: El impuesto a la gasolina en Guatemala

Internalizando externalidades: El impuesto a la gasolina en Guatemala

Time gap of the impact of risk insurance, life insurance and reinsurance on social progress: The case of Ukraine

Economic impact of ethanol promotion in Mexico: A general equilibrium analysis

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