UNFINISHED BUSINESS: The Economics of The Kyoto Protocol

Abstract

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Estimating the size of the potential market for the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms

“…In absolute terms, our estimate is at the low to middle end. This is mainly because, as indicated in Edmonds et al (1998); Ellerman and Decaux (1998); Haites (1998b);McKibbin et al (1999); Van der Mensbrugghe (1998); Vrolijk (1999); Own calculations.…”

“…Our projection based on compilation of the national communications for the US and Japan are slightly lower than those from economic modelling studies. This is partly because our projections cover all six greenhouse gases, whereas other economic modelling studies examined here, except for the SGM-based study of Edmonds et al (1998), focus only on CO 2 emissions. Because emissions of other greenhouse gases but CO 2 can be cut at lower cost, it would be more cost-effective to cut other greenhouse gases than CO 2 emissions.…”

“…Austria (1998); CEC (1999); Estonia (1998); Greece (1997); UNFCCC (1997aUNFCCC ( , 1998aUNFCCC ( , 1999b; VROM (1998); Own calculations. Böhringer (1999); Edmonds et al (1998); Ellerman and Decaux (1998); EIA (1999); Gielen and Koopmans (1998);McKibbin et al (1999); OECD (1999); Tulpulé et al (1998); Own calculations.…”

“…It puts the estimate at 374 MtC, with 324 MtC from the Former Soviet Union. Edmonds et al (1998); Ellerman and Decaux (1998); EIA (1999); IEA (1998); OECD (1999); UNFCCC (1997aUNFCCC ( , 1998aUNFCCC ( , 1999b; Victor et al (1998); Own calculations.…”

Efficacité <em>in vitro</em> et <em>in vivo</em> des extraits de plantes contre le mildiou (<em>Phytophthora infestans</em>) de la morelle noire

“…Solanum scabrum Mill. (morelle noire) est un légume africain dont la culture et la commercialisation suscitent de nos jours un intérêt particulier auprès des petits agriculteurs des régions urbaines et périurbaines des grandes villes camerounaises et d'ailleurs dans les sous-régions Afrique centrale et occidentale (Edmonds et Chweya, 1997 ;Fontem et al, 2003). La principale raison est liée à la situation économique de ces pays d'Afrique subsaharienne; les populations ne disposent plus assez d'argent pour s'approvisionner en légumes exotiques de plus en plus chers et préfèrent se reporter aux cultures locales (Fontem et Schippers, 2004).…”