Understanding Date Rape Attitudes and Behaviors: Exploring the Influence of Race, Gender, and Prior Sexual Victimization

Williams, LaVerne McQuiller; Porter, Judy L.; Smith, Tony

doi:10.1080/15564886.2014.960025

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…While studies of RMA using male samples focus on deviant sexual behavior, studies using female samples focus their attention on history of sexual victimization and coercion. Findings are mixed, with some studies finding no differences in RMA based on victimization history (Carmody & Washington, 2001) and others finding that a history of victimization actually increases female RMA (McQuiller Williams et al, 2016). Furthermore, higher RMA among females has been correlated with higher acceptance and expectation of sexual assault (Morry & Winkler, 2001) and longer time spent in scenarios that could result in sexual assault (using vignettes; Loiselle & Fuqua, 2007).…”

Section: Additional Relationships With Rmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Rape Myth Acceptance and Sexual Behaviors

Fansher

Zedaker

2020

J Interpers Violence

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An extensive amount of research has been devoted to understanding rape myths, especially in the context of sexual attitudes. Few studies have examined sexual actions as a correlate of rape myth acceptance (RMA). As such, this study utilizes the Updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMA) and its four distinct subscales to examine adherence to rape myths and an individual’s view of sex and sexuality in a sample of 1,310 college students. The IRMA was included in its entirety and separated into its four subscales: “She asked for it,” “He didn’t mean to,” “It wasn’t really rape,” and “She lied.” Results indicated that the most impactful variables for all four subscales were adversarial heterosexual beliefs, stereotypical gender beliefs, and being male. The main implications of this study pertain to implementation of programming. Intervention programming should focus on younger males due to their increased adherence to certain rape myths. Furthermore, programs that address not only rape myths but also other traditional and negative belief systems should be employed. Results of this study lend support to the supposition that it is not necessarily individual characteristics that have a large effect on RMA but is instead a strong adherence to traditional belief systems.

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Section: Additional Relationships With Rmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Rape Myth Acceptance and Sexual Behaviors

Fansher

Zedaker

2020

J Interpers Violence

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“…Similarly, men express a greater acceptance of rape myths, identify less with the victim and more with the rapist (Vrij & Firmin, 2001), subscribe to rape-supportive attitudes (McQuiller Williams, Porter, & Smith, 2015), and have more sexist beliefs than women (Aosved & Long, 2006). These studies provide invaluable information on the influence of gender on victim blaming, but they have some methodological limitations, in that they are often based on convenience samples of undergraduate students, making it difficult to generalize the results to other populations; these should include not only the general population but also professionals working in the field (e.g., criminal justice professionals or health carers).…”

Section: An Overview Of Rape Victim Blaming Observer Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Rape Crimes Reviewed: The Role of Observer Variables in Female Victim Blaming

Ferrão

Gonçalves

2015

Psychol. Thought

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This article presents an overview of empirical research on the role of observer variables in rape victim blaming (female attacked by a male perpetrator). The focus is on literature from the last 15 years. The variables observer gender, ambivalent sexism, rape myth acceptance, and rape empathy are discussed in relation to victim blaming. Most research on rape is conducted using diverse methods and approaches that result in a great disparity regarding the role of these variables in predicting blame assignments. Despite the inconsistencies, most studies show that men hold the victim more responsible for her own victimization than women. Findings further indicate that higher scores on sexist ideologies and rape myth acceptance predict higher victim blame, and that higher rape empathy scores predict lower victim blame. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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“…Research with diverse samples on this topic is limited; therefore, we could not hypothesize in any direction for these variables. Yet, in light of these findings and the findings of McQuiller Williams et al (2016) (where White students were more likely to report having engaged in nonconsensual sexual activity), it is clear that more research is necessary to understand the risk and protective factors for proclivity to perpetrate by race and ethnicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…College students tend to associate with same-race peers, even in diverse environments (Graham et al, 2009). The role of race or ethnicity in social norms related to sexual assault has largely been excluded from the campus sexual assault literature (McQuiller Williams et al, 2016), possibly due to a lack of diversity in samples or a fear of perpetuating racism or racialized stereotypes. Older studies that have examined differences among racial groups and attitudes toward rape have found mixed results (e.g, Kalof & Wade, 1995; Mouzon et al, 2005).…”

Section: Correlates Of Proclivity To Perpetratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, one study found that racial differences in attitudes toward rape victims disappeared once socioeconomic status and education were added into the model (Nagel et al, 2005). More recently, McQuiller Williams et al (2016) found that relative to Black students, White students were more likely to report having engaged in nonconsensual sexual activity or engaging in sexual activity while intoxicated. Meanwhile, White and Black students both possessed rape-supportive attitudes, although which attitudes they supported differed by race.…”

Section: Correlates Of Proclivity To Perpetratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlates of Incoming Male College Students’ Proclivity to Perpetrate Sexual Assault

Palmer

McMahon

Fissel

2020

Violence Against Women

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This study examined incoming male college students’ proclivity to perpetrate sexual assault at a large public university in the Northeast ( n = 1,619). Overall, self-reported proclivity to perpetrate was low (between 20–26%). Students’ perception that a peer would intervene as a bystander was negatively associated with proclivity, while acceptance of certain rape myths was positively associated with proclivity. Students who intended to join a fraternity and White students had increased proclivity to perpetrate using force or incapacitation. Based on these findings, recommendations for sexual assault prevention efforts are included.

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Understanding Date Rape Attitudes and Behaviors: Exploring the Influence of Race, Gender, and Prior Sexual Victimization

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

The Relationship Between Rape Myth Acceptance and Sexual Behaviors

The Relationship Between Rape Myth Acceptance and Sexual Behaviors

Rape Crimes Reviewed: The Role of Observer Variables in Female Victim Blaming

Correlates of Incoming Male College Students’ Proclivity to Perpetrate Sexual Assault

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