Understanding cooperation through fitness interdependence

Aktipis, C. Athena; Cronk, Lee; Alcock, Joe; Ayers, Jessica D.; Baciu, Cristina; Balliet, Daniel; Boddy, Amy M.; Curry, Oliver Scott; Krems, Jaimie Arona; Muñoz, Andrés Rodrigo Vinueza; Sullivan, Daniel; Sznycer, Daniel; Wilkinson, Gerald S.; Winfrey, Pamela

doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0378-4

Cited by 136 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Human groups also frequently faced competition from rival groups, be it passive competition for resources or active warfare 79 . Greater reliance on the ingroup and increased competition between groups fostered high fitness-interdependence within groups 92 whereby individual fitness became tied to group viability. This selected for parochialism (i.e.…”

Section: This Left-right Distinction Dates Back At Least 200 Years Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

The dual evolutionary foundations of political ideology

et al. 2020

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What determines our views on taxation and crime, healthcare and religion, welfare and gender roles? And why do opinions about these seemingly disparate aspects of our social lives coalesce the way they do? Research over the last 50 years has suggested that political attitudes and values around the globe are shaped by two ideological dimensions, often referred to as economic and social conservatism. However, it remains unclear why this ideological structure exists. Here, we highlight the striking concordance between these two dimensions of ideology and two key aspects of human sociality: cooperation and group conformity. Humans cooperate to a greater degree than our great ape relatives, paying personal costs to benefit others. Humans also conform to group-wide social norms and punish norm violators in interdependent, culturally marked groups. Together, these two shifts in sociality are posited to have driven the emergence of large-scale complex human societies. We argue that fitness trade-offs and behavioural plasticity have maintained strategic individual differences in both cooperation and group conformity, naturally giving rise to the two dimensions of political ideology. Supported by evidence from psychology, behavioural genetics, behavioural economics, and primatology, this evolutionary framework promises novel insight into the biological and cultural basis of political ideology.

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Section: This Left-right Distinction Dates Back At Least 200 Years Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

The dual evolutionary foundations of political ideology

et al. 2020

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“…For example, indications that another individual now places more weight on your welfare than she used to are auspicious, because the other will thence take more actions that benefit you but cost her, and fewer actions that benefit her but cost you. The other has a stake in your well-being, and so you have a stake in the other's well-being (Tooby & Cosmides, 1996;Roberts, 2005;Aktipis et al, 2018). Thus, indications of being valued more highly than previously have the effect of raising the other's social value to you, with corresponding increases in your valuation of the other and your disposition to aid the other (Smith, Pedersen, Forster, McCullough, & Lieberman, 2017; for exceptions to this, see Ackerman & Kenrick, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emotion–valuation constellation: Multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

Sznycer

Lukaszewski

2019

Evolution and Human Behavior

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Social emotions are hypothesized to be adaptations designed by selection to solve adaptive problems pertaining to social valuation-the disposition to attend to, associate with, and aid a target individual based on her probable contributions to the fitness of the valuer. To steer between effectiveness and economy, social emotions need to activate in precise proportion to the local evaluations of the various acts and characteristics that dictate the social value of self and others. Supporting this hypothesis, experiments conducted in the United States and India indicate that five different social emotions all track a common set of valuations. The extent to which people value each of 25 positive characteristics in others predicts the intensities of: pride (if you had those characteristics), anger (if someone failed to acknowledge that you have those characteristics), gratitude (if someone convinced others that you have those characteristics), guilt (if you harmed someone who has those characteristics), and sadness (if someone died who had those characteristics). The five emotions track local valuations (mean r = +.72) and even foreign valuations (mean r = +.70). In addition, cultural differences in emotion are patterned: They follow cultural differences in valuation. These findings suggest that multiple social emotions are governed (in part) by a common architecture of social valuation, that the valuation architecture operates with a substantial degree of universality in its content, and that a unified theoretical framework may explain cross-cultural invariances and cultural differences in emotion.

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“…Below, we review the current state of theory on how 89 and why these two social drives evolved in humans. We then outline how fitness trade-offs 90 and behavioural plasticity act to maintain strategic individual differences in cooperation and 91 group conformity, and argue that these individual differences naturally give rise to the two 92 basic dimensions of political ideology. Idealism (altruism/social concern) Relativism (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human groups also frequently faced competition from rival 137 groups, be it passive competition for resources or active warfare 79 . Greater reliance on the 138 ingroup and increased competition between groups fostered high fitness-interdependence 139 within groups 92 whereby individual fitness became tied to group viability. This selected for 140 parochialism (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The dual evolutionary foundations of political ideology

Claessens¹,

Fischer²,

Chaudhuri³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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1What determines our views on taxation and crime, healthcare and religion, welfare and 2 gender roles? And why do opinions about these seemingly disparate aspects of our social 3 lives coalesce the way they do? Research over the last 50 years has suggested that political 4 attitudes and values around the globe are shaped by two ideological dimensions, often 5 referred to as economic and social conservatism. However, it remains unclear why this 6 ideological structure exists. Here, we highlight the striking concordance between these two 7 dimensions of ideology and two key aspects of human sociality: cooperation and group 8 conformity. Humans cooperate to a greater degree than our great ape relatives, paying 9 personal costs to benefit others. Humans also conform to group-wide social norms and punish 10 norm violators in interdependent, culturally marked groups. Together, these two shifts in 11 sociality are posited to have driven the emergence of large-scale complex human societies. 12 We argue that fitness trade-offs and behavioural plasticity have maintained strategic 13 individual differences in both cooperation and group conformity, naturally giving rise to the 14 two dimensions of political ideology. Supported by evidence from psychology, behavioural 15 genetics, behavioural economics, and primatology, this evolutionary framework promises 16 novel insight into the biological and cultural basis of political ideology. 17 18

show abstract

Understanding cooperation through fitness interdependence

Cited by 136 publications

References 6 publications

The dual evolutionary foundations of political ideology

The dual evolutionary foundations of political ideology

The emotion–valuation constellation: Multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

The dual evolutionary foundations of political ideology

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