ULASAN Kajian Filogenetika Molekuler dan Peranannya dalam Menyediakan Informasi Dasar untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Genetik Anggrek

Abstract

Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in Providing BasicKnowledge to Improve Quality of Genetic Resources of Orchid. Topik Hidayat and Adi Pancoro. Early information resulted from molecular phylogenetic studies of many important ornamental crops is often less attention to many growers and farmers. Phylogenetics is one of the most preferable method in systematics to reconstruct evolutionary relationships of groups of biological organisms in order to understand their biodiversities. This has been revolutionized by DNA sequences data. In this method, a group of organisms that shares many identical characteristics are considered to be closely related; deriving from a common ancestor and is assumed to have similar genetic patterns and biochemical properties. By these basic principles, molecular phylogenetics plays important roles in revealing a basic knowledge on pattern of relationships to which genetic resources can be improved. Over the past decade, botanists have done several thousand phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of economically and horticulturally important crops. Orchids are the best example for this. There is no doubt that most orchid plants had played roles in horticulture and hybridization. At present, many infrageneric and intergeneric hybrids are available commercially. Successful hybridization can be achieved if two or more individual plants understudy are closely related in respect to their genetics and evolution.

Phylogenetic analysis of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station, Gunung Leuser National Park (Sumatra, Indonesia) based on rbcL and matK genes

“…Monotes katangensis (sequence from GeneBank database) is an outgroup because it has a distant relationship with Dipterocarpaceae research samples. According to Hidayat and Pancoro (2008), in the analysis of phylogenetics, outgroup lead to the polarization of characters or characteristics, namely apomorphic and plesiomorphic characters. Apomorphic characters are the changed and derived characters which were found in the ingroup (species which were studied), whereas the plesiomorphic character is the primitive character was found in the outgroup.…”

“…Phylogenetic analysis is one of the most commonly used methods in systematic to understand the diversity of living things through reconstruction of relationship. Along with the rapid advancement of molecular biology, data of DNA have been used in many phylogenetic studies to get more accurate information (Hidayat and Pancoro 2008).…”

The Phylogenetic Relationship Among Varieties of Lansium domesticum Correa Based on ITS rDNA Sequences

“…Based on the clustering pattern suggested that Lansium and Aglaia is a monophyletic group that had a high similarity among the members. According to Hidayat and Pancoro (2008) in a phylogenetic approach, a group of organisms whose members have a lot of similarities of character is considered to have a very close relationship and estimated descended from a common ancestor.…”

Eksplorasi Jenis dan Potensi DNA Barcode Anggrek Thrixspermum Secara In Silico

“…Penggunaan sekuen DNA sangat penting karena dapat mengetahui perubahan basa nukleotida menurut waktu dan dapat memperkirakan kecepatan evolusi yang terjadi. Hal tersebut dapat direkonstruksi hubungan evolusi antara satu spesies dengan spesies lainnya (Hidayat & Pancoro, 2008). DNA kloroplas banyak digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan antara spesies angiospermae dengan tanaman lainnya, namun memiliki tingkat evolusi yang rendah.…”