Über die Herstellung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Alkoholen durch Hochdruck‐Reduktion von Fettstoffen

Abstract

Schrauth, S c h e n c k , S t i c k d o r n : Uber die H e r s t e h q[Jahrg. 64 S2:/, d. Th. Sie wurden in der ublichen Weise identifiziert und auch die freie Oxalsaure daraus gentonnen. Aus dem Filtrat entfernte man mit Kohlendioxyd den Barium-Rest, dampfte im Vakuum ein, loste wieder in 5 ccrn 13.3-n.NH3 und zog 6-ma1 mit Chloroform aus. Dessen Rilckstand loste man fast ganz in kaltem Ather, verdampfte wieder, nahm in wenig Methanol auf, versetzte mit reichlich Aceton und destillierte bis auf 5 ccm ab. Bei lhgerem Stehen krystallisierten wasserklare, &be, rechtwinklige Prismen und meist abgeschragte, auch 8-seitige Tafeln.Verlust hei~ZoO, I j m m : 0.0-1.4%.-0.0903getr. Sbst.: 0.2300g C0,,0.0680gH20. C,,II,,O,N, (262). Ber. C 68.70, H 8.39. N 10.7. Gef. C 68.46, H 8.37, N 10.4. Der Korper schmilzt im Vakuum bei 216-2180 farblos, erstarrt beim Abkiihlen wieder. E r ist in Wasser und den Alkoholen sehr leicht loslich, reagiert stark basisch. In 1Vasser war [a]" = --o.6jo x 200/1.025 x d := -123O/d. Das ( D i ) P e r c h l o r a t kam nus Saure in kurzen oder langeren domatischen Saulen, Iiaiifig yon j-seitigem Vmril3, es ist in \Vasser oder 2-tt. Saure leicht Ioslich. W. S c h r a u t h , 0. S c h e n c k und K. S t i c k d o r n : Ober die.Herstellung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Alkoholen durch Hochdruck-Reduktion von Fett 6 toffen .

Heterogeneous Catalysis in Oleochemistry

“…The above reaction was described in literature in the 1930s by several groups [56][57][58], where copper containing catalysts -in particular copper chromite -were proposed in order to attain high selectivity regarding FOHs, because further hydrogenation of the fatty alcohol to hydrocarbons could be prevented effectively with copper. By contrast, more active species, such as Ni or Co, enforced the subsequent hydrogenation [57,58].…”

“…The hydrogenolysis of FAME to fatty alcohols is typically conducted at pressures between 20 and 30 MPa [46,57,58], although high conversion rates can also be attained at a lower operating pressure level of about 14.0 MPa [47,62]. The hydrogenolysis of FAME to fatty alcohols is typically conducted at pressures between 20 and 30 MPa [46,57,58], although high conversion rates can also be attained at a lower operating pressure level of about 14.0 MPa [47,62].…”

One-pot reductive amination of carboxylic acids: a sustainable method for primary amine synthesis

“…However, these catalysts are expensive, since most of them are based on a platinum group metal (PGM) or/and Re, and easily overreduce the carboxylic acid towards unfunctionalized alkanes. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] The second pathway involves the formation of an amide, which is dehydrated towards a nitrile at temperatures above 250°C, typically with a ZnO catalyst, and reduced afterwards (lower pathway Figure 1). This is the most common synthesis method for fatty amines.…”

Selective Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols or Alkanes Employing a Heterogeneous Catalyst

“…Indeed, research on heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acids reaches back to the early 20th century when Norman and Schrauth reported about Ni/Cu catalysts almost simultaneously. 4,5 A number of subsequent reports mirror the high interest in this field, with rhenium being a very frequent metal, 6h−k especially as part of synergistic compositions of two or three metals. 6a−g However, all reported catalyst systems share the disadvantage for the need of harsh reaction conditions such as high reaction temperatures and/or high pressure of hydrogen gas.…”

“…Nevertheless, several homogeneous catalyst systems for acid to alcohol hydrogenation have been reported on the basis of different transition metals such as Cu, Cd, Ru, Rh/Mo, Ru/Mo, Ir, Re, or Co. , From a practical point of view, heterogeneous catalysts are advantageous, because they allow for easy substrate separation through filtration. Indeed, research on heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acids reaches back to the early 20th century when Norman and Schrauth reported about Ni/Cu catalysts almost simultaneously. , A number of subsequent reports mirror the high interest in this field, with rhenium being a very frequent metal, − especially as part of synergistic compositions of two or three metals. − However, all reported catalyst systems share the disadvantage for the need of harsh reaction conditions such as high reaction temperatures and/or high pressure of hydrogen gas.…”