Tuberculosis transmission in public locations in Tanzania: A novel approach to studying airborne disease transmission

Hella, Jerry; Morrow, Carl; Mhimbira, Francis; Ginsberg, Samuel; Chitnis, Nakul; Gagneux, Sébastien; Mutayoba, Beatrice; Wood, Robin; Fenner, Lukas

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2017.06.009

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the current study, we examined the ventilation profiles associated with varying open-window configurations in operational transit, and aimed to determine whether ventilation rates above those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) could be achieved. This study differed from previous studies [5][6][7]9 in that the number of occupants in the taxi was controlled, the taxi speed was controlled and monitored, and the distinct open window configurations used were based on observed configurations in operational taxis. were recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…4 Public transport studies conducted in Cape Town, Peru and Tanzania have shown that the risk of transmission in modes such as minibus taxis is high. [5][6][7] In South Africa, minibus taxis are an important component of the public transport system, accounting for 68% of public transport commutes to work nationally. 8 In the Western Cape, minibus taxis were found in a 2013 survey 8 to account for 39% of public transport commutes to work, followed by trains and buses at 34% and 18%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor ventilation increases risk to passengers as conditions within the minibus taxi allow for transmission of airborne diseases. Studies exploring the achievable ventilation in taxis are limited [5][6][7]9 and the ventilation resulting from the combined changes in taxi speeds and window opening configurations has not been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural ventilation as a means of airborne tuberculosis infection control in minibus taxis

Matose¹,

Poluta²,

Douglas³

2019

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Airborne infection control measures are used extensively in health-care settings to curtail the spread of airborne infectious diseases. Few such measures are applied in public congregate spaces outside health facilities, such as those associated with public transport. In minibus taxis – a popular form of public transport in South Africa – poor ventilation creates conditions that allow for transmission of airborne diseases, particularly tuberculosis. In this study, we focused on developing quantitative ventilation profiles for the 16-seater Toyota Quantum Ses’fikile model commonly used in the Cape Town metropole. We studied the ventilation rates achievable in an occupied taxi under varying operational conditions, such as driving speed and open window configurations, which were based on observations made during preliminary taxi journeys. Two open-window configurations were found to provide ventilation rates close to or exceeding WHO recommended per-person requirements for high-risk clinical areas and are therefore likely to be effective in reducing the risk of tuberculosis transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural ventilation as a means of airborne tuberculosis infection control in minibus taxis

Matose¹,

Poluta²,

Douglas³

2019

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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“…Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya, dimana penelitian sebelumnya menjelaskan bahwa kurangnya pasokan alat untuk pengendalian infeksi dan kurangnya sarana mengakibatkan ketidakpatuhan pada perilaku pencegahan penularan Tb paru (Khaund, Sudhakar and Vaz, 2018), dengan perilaku pencegahan penularan Tb paru, adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara self efficacy dengan perilaku pencegahan Tb paru (Nurhayati, Kurniawan and Mardiah, 2015), adanya hubungan antara sikap yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas dengan tindakan pencegahan TBC pada remaja di Notoprajan Kecamatan Ngampilan kota Yogyakarta (Rahmawati, 2017), adanya hubungan antara lingkungan dengan perilaku pencegahan dimana tempat yang kekurangan sirkulasi udara akan sangat beresiko terhadap penularan Tb paru (Hella et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Faktor Perilaku Pencegahan Penularan TB dengan Pendekatan Health Promotion Model

Genakama

Hidayati

Hadisuyatmana

2020

Indonesian J. Community Health Nurs.

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Introduction: Tuberculosis (Tb) is one of the 10 causes of death worldwide. Indonesia ranks third in the world . This indicates that the behavior of prevention of transmission by Tb patients is not effective yet. The purpose of this study is to identify behavioral factors for preventing TB transmission based on the Health Promotion Model theory.Method: This research was conducted by using descriptive analytic design with cross sectional approach. Population of this research was 150 patient with Tb. Sample on this research was 108 respondents which were chosen by using simple size calculator technique. Independent variables in this research were behavior before sickness, cognizance of patient of Tb, perceived of benefits, perceived of barriers, self-efficacy, attitudes related to transmission prevention activitie and environmental influences. Dependent variable in this research prevention behavior of TB transmission. The data colleting technique used in this research was questionnaire which was analysed by Spearman’s rho test with <0,05 significance. Result: The result showed that preventive behavior of TB transmission was correlated with behavior before sick (r=0.239), cognizance of patient of TB (r=0.261), perceived of benefits (r=0.371), and family support (r=0.284). There was no correlation between perceived of barriers (r=-.113), self-efficacy (r=0,160), attitudes related to transmission prevention activities (r=-.097) and environmental influences (r=0.034). With preventive behavior of TB transmission.Conclusion: Behavior of TB prevention is also influenced by behavioral factors before illness, knowledge of Tb, perception about the benefits of actions and family support. The Puskesmas was expected can improve Health Education by giving education about how to use mask well and shelter provision sputum in TB infection prevention behaviors in society.

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“…For example, norovirus is found seasonally in aerosols, as are avian influenza viruses [5,6], with airborne transmission representing an important route of dissemination of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus [7]. Furthermore, epidemic respiratory diseases have emerged in recent years, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003, the H1N1 flu epidemic in 2011 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome epidemic in 2015 [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Thus, it is vital to develop cost-effective non-pharmaceutical interventions that can prevent rather than treat such infections, and play a key role in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an Innovative Pediatric Isolation Bed Using Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Physical Pollutants

Liu¹,

Guo²,

Hao³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Airborne transmission is an important mechanism of spread for both viruses and bacteria in hospitals, with nosocomial infections putting a great burden on public health. Patients in intensive care units are highly susceptible and these units by necessity already have incur high operating costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an economical medical device to prevent nosocomial infections. In order to achieve this goal, an innovative pediatric isolation bed was developed. Methods: We investigated the position of the child and air intake wind speed to test the local isolation effect of the bed using computational fluid dynamics simulation technology. Following this, we conducted purification experiments using cigarette smoke, and sustained release Staphylococcus albus and human adenovirus type 5 to demonstrate the isolation efficacy.Results: The results showed that the patient’s head should be placed as close to the air inlet hood as possible, and the value of air intake wind speed of 0.86 m/s was effective. The isolation efficacy of this innovative pediatric isolation bed is demonstrated by CFD technology and experiments using cigarette smoke and different kinds of microorganisms.Conclusions: The pediatric isolation bed is mobile and economic, particularly useful for where infectious isolation wards are unavailable, such as in intensive care units and primary clinical settings, to control hospital acquired infection. This study provides a new method for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections.

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Tuberculosis transmission in public locations in Tanzania: A novel approach to studying airborne disease transmission

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Natural ventilation as a means of airborne tuberculosis infection control in minibus taxis

Natural ventilation as a means of airborne tuberculosis infection control in minibus taxis

Faktor Perilaku Pencegahan Penularan TB dengan Pendekatan Health Promotion Model

Evaluation of an Innovative Pediatric Isolation Bed Using Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Physical Pollutants

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