Background. Reducing maternal mortality remains a significant challenge in Indonesia, especially for achieving the country’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. One of the challenges is increasing delivery at healthcare facilities to ensure safe and healthy births. In Indonesia, research on factors affecting women’s use of facility-based childbirth services is scarce. Objective. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of facility-based deliveries in Indonesia. Methods. This study used data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey of 2012, with a cross-sectional design. An odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was employed to outline the independent variables for the determinants, including maternal age and education, place of residence, involvement in decision-making, employment status, economic status, and number of antenatal care visits. The dependent variable in this study was the place of delivery: whether it took place in healthcare or nonhealthcare facilities. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05 using bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Results. This study showed that a high level of education (OR: 3.035, 95% CI: 2.310–3.987), high economic status (OR: 6.691, 95% CI: 5.768–7.761), urban residence (OR: 2.947, 95% CI: 2.730–3.181), working status (OR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.793–0.918), involvement in decision-making (OR: 0.887, 95% CI: 0.804–0.910), and having more than four visits to antenatal care centers (OR: 1.917, 95% CI: 1.783–2.061) were significant determinants of delivery at healthcare facilities. Conclusion. Efforts to improve facility-based childbirth in Indonesia must strengthen initiatives that promote women’s education, women’s autonomy, opportunities for wealth creation, and increased uptake of antenatal care, among others. Any barriers related to maternal healthcare services and cultural factors on the use of health facilities for childbirth in Indonesia require further monitoring and evaluation.

Introduction: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), the immediate provision of mothers' breast milk to infants within the first hour of life, has been recommended by the WHO. However, EIBF is not widely practiced, thereby increasing infant mortality risk. This review explored the available and published studies that identified interventions that empower mothers to practice EIBF. Method: We conducted a scoping review to answer the aforementioned aims. Empowerment, Women, Breastfeed, and Initiation were used as initial keywords, which were further developed using Medical Subject Headings by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Five databases, namely: Web of Science, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature via EBSCO, ProQuest, and MedLine via PubMed, were searched for potential articles. We also searched the references in addition to the main search. Findings: We included 28 articles in this review. Education was mostly used as women's empowerment indicator in EIBF intervention. Additionally, we identified barriers (C-section and postoperative pain, lactation problems and pregnancy complications, mothers' social and demographic factors, mothers' lack of professional support, babies' condition preventing EIBF) and facilitators (mothers' positive behavior in relation to educational level, completion of antenatal care, poor economic situations of mothers, babies' size at birth) of EIBF. Discussion: Education is the widely used intervention to promote mothers' participation in improving EIBF rate. Furthermore, mothers' and babies' deferring conditions and traditional practices are barriers for EIBF. This review recommends future research and empowerment efforts that sensitively address the identified barriers.

Article 4 paragraph (2) Requirements for Indonesian Migrant Workers Article 5 a. Aged at least 18 (eighteen) years; b. Having competence; c. Physically and mentally healthy; d. Registered and has a Social Security membership number; and e. Have complete documents required.

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