TTürkiye bal arısı (Apis mellifera L.) alttürlerinde genetik çeşitlilik kaybı

Abstract

Son yıllarda yaygın olarak yapılan göçer arıcılık ve ticari ana arı kullanımı nedeniyle Türkiye arı biyoçeşitliliğinde homojenizasyon oluştuğu düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye bal arısı biyoçeşitliliğinin korunup korunamadığı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye"nin 32 ayrı lokasyonundan işçi arı örnekleri toplandı ve sağ ön kanattaki 19 landmarka göre geometrik morfometrik yöntem kullanılarak çalışıldı. Araştırma bulgularına göre her ne kadar yerel ırkların korunduğu lokal alanlar var olsa da önceki çalışmalarda bildirilen biyoçeşitliliğin (Kuzeyde Apis mellifera caucasica, güneydoğuda A. m. meda, güneybatıya doğru A. m. syriaca, Trakya"da A. m. carnica, Anadolu"nun geri kalan tüm kesimlerinde ise A. m. anatoliaca) günümüzde korunamadığı belirlenmiştir. Diskriminant fonksiyon analizi ve UPGMA dendogramı sonuçlarına göre Isparta, Ardahan, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş ve Zonguldak populasyonları birbirlerinden ve diğer tüm populasyonlardan ayrı kümelenmişlerdir. Diğer taraftan

Biodiversity of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Turkey by Geometric Morphometric Analysis

“…Reduction of dimensionality of variability by conducting a CVA would be appropriate to explore shape variability within homogenous samples such as subspecies [31,32]. Other studies with different species and subspecies came on also the same conclusion: Relative warp is a useful tool for distinguish more distinct species [12,13,33].…”

“…In the present study, geometric morphometric method has been used as a tool to investigate relationship of honey bees in Turkey. Geometric morphometric is relatively provide explicit results in many fields of morphometry [11,12,13,15,18,20,21].…”

“…Morphometrical parameters are universal in contrast to having some difficulties related to interpretations and explanations with graphic and personal errors. Many of these problems on traditional morphometric methods, can be achieved by alternative geometric morphometrics model [11,12,13,14,15]. Cartesian coordinate data usually limited to landmark point locations on the geometric morphometric analysis being a powerful tool in evolutionary studies to explore intraspecific variation at the population level [16].…”

“…Cartesian coordinate data usually limited to landmark point locations on the geometric morphometric analysis being a powerful tool in evolutionary studies to explore intraspecific variation at the population level [16]. From this perspective; geometric morphometrics gain an advantage over traditional approaches include; (1) using Procrustes distance, to detect differentiation ranks of wing shapes, (2) defining the description of feature of the multidimensional shape space using distance coefficient, (3) advancement of distinctive statistical methods for descriptive shape analysis, and (4) the descriptive attitude for new techniques also the graphical representations of the results [12,13,16,17,18]. By using this approach in the previous studies, three honey bee subspecies (A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasica, A. m. mellifera) were well separated [19].…”

Determination of the wing morphology differentiation of old and recent honey bee samples from western Turkey using geometric morphometrics

“…The debates on the subject about the threat of the genetic diversity of the honey bees have recently gained importance in Turkey. Consequently, morphological and genetic studies have been conducted to examine the effects of migratory beekeeping (Kükrer, 2013;Kambur et al, 2018). In order to morphologically distinguish honey bee samples, there has been a transition from the standard to geometric morphometrics methods (Tofilski, 2008;Turan, 2011;Koca, 2012;Koca & Kandemir, 2013).…”