Trichoderma longibrachiatum: an unusual pathogen of fungal pericarditis

“…Disturbance of the mammalian respiratory system as well as occurrence of opportunistic infections caused by BCAs have been previously described, including for Trichoderma (Loeppky et al, 1983;Halpin et al, 1994;Madsen et al, 2007;Sautour et al, 2018). Human infections by Trichoderma were described in patients with pulmonary cancer, pericarditis, peritonitis, keratitis, leukemia, endocarditis, and others (Jaakkola et al, 2002;Kredics et al, 2003;Lagrange-Xélota et al, 2008;Tascini et al, 2016;Recio et al, 2019). In many cases, complications of these infections caused death (Jacobs et al, 1992;Kredics et al, 2003;Sandoval-Denis et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exposition to Biological Control Agent Trichoderma stromaticum Increases the Development of Cancer in Mice Injected With Murine Melanoma

Santos

Costa

Freitas

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Biological control agents (BCA) are an alternative to chemical pesticides and an emerging strategy to safely eliminate plant pathogens. Trichoderma spp. are the most common fungi used as BCAs. They produce spores that are released into the air and can potentially interact with immune system of mammals. We previously showed that Trichoderma affects expression of genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokines in mice. PRRs are involved in the recognition of microorganisms and can lead to pro-tumoral signaling. Here, we evaluated if mice injected with low doses of murine melanoma exhibited increased development of lung tumor when treated with conidia of T. stromaticum. Mice treated with T. stromaticum and inoculated with B16-F10 melanoma cells exhibited significant increase in tumor uptake (p = 0.006) and increased number of visible nodules in the lungs (p = 0.015). We also analyzed mRNA expression levels of genes encoding PRRs in lung of mice exposed to T. stromaticum and demonstrated that mice treated with T. stromaticum conidia exhibited lower expression levels of Clec7a and increased expression of Tlr4 (toll like receptor 4) compared to non-treated controls. The expression levels of Clec7a and Tlr2 were increased in mice treated with T. stromaticum and inoculated with murine melanoma compared to controls only inoculated with melanoma. Our results demonstrate that intranasal exposition to T. stromaticum increases tumor in the B16-F10 model, which may raise concerns regarding the safety of its use in agriculture.

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“…It has also been described to cause fatal necrotizing stomatitis in a neutropenic patient with malignant lymphoma [ 21 ], otitis externa in a 12-year-old child with a long history of otitis [ 22 ] and acute invasive sinusitis in a liver and small bowel transplant recipient [ 23 ]. Besides, Trichoderma londibrachiatum has been reported as unusual pathogen that caused fungal pericarditis [ 24 ], endocarditis in a patient receiving home parenteral nutrition [ 25 ] and cardiac implantable electronic device-associated endocarditis in a non-immunocompromised host [ 26 ]. Additionally, this pathogen has been related to fatal post-operative mediastinitis and peritonitis in a pediatric patient with complex congenital cardiac disease on peritoneal dialysis [ 27 ], inguinal abscess in a renal transplant recipient [ 28 ] and a perirectal ulcer in an adult bone marrow transplant patient [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firstcase of pneumonia-parapneumonic effusion due to Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Georgakopoulou

Melemeni

Mantzouranis

et al. 2021

IDCases

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Trichoderma longibrachiatum is a fungus belonging to the genus Trichoderma. Trichoderma longibrachiatum is not thought as a pathogenic for healthy individuals. However, it has the ability to produce toxic peptides and extracellular proteases and has been described to cause invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. Trichoderma longibrachiatum has been reported as the causative microorganism of lung infections, skin infections, sinus infections, otitis, stomatitis endocarditis, pericarditis, gastrointestinal infections, mediastinitis and peritonitis. We report the first case of pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion in an old woman with diabetes mellitus due to Trichoderma longibrachiatum .

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Trichoderma longibrachiatum: an unusual pathogen of fungal pericarditis

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Levels of filamentous fungi and selected mycotoxins in leafy and fruit vegetables and analysis of their potential health risk for consumers

Levels of filamentous fungi and selected mycotoxins in leafy and fruit vegetables and analysis of their potential health risk for consumers

Exposition to Biological Control Agent Trichoderma stromaticum Increases the Development of Cancer in Mice Injected With Murine Melanoma

Firstcase of pneumonia-parapneumonic effusion due to Trichoderma longibrachiatum

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