Firstcase of pneumonia-parapneumonic effusion due to Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki; Melemeni, Despoina; Mantzouranis, Konstantinos; Damaskos, Christos; Gkoufa, Aikaterini; Chlapoutakis, Serafeim; Garmpis, Nikolaos; Garmpi, Anna; Sklapani, Pagona; Τράκας, Νικόλαος; Tsiafaki, Xanthi

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01239

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…In the absence of a clinical breakpoint, AST-adjusted antifungal therapy is recommended with low-quality evidence [ 66 ]. Although in some cases AST has been obtained and used to guide antifungal therapy [ 36 , 39 , 40 , 56 ], no recommendation regarding AST in Trichoderma spp. can be found in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review

Burzio

Balzani

Montrucchio

et al. 2023

JoF

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Opportunistic and hospital-acquired infections are common among recipients of solid organ transplantation. New pathogens are increasingly reported in the intensive care unit (ICU) population. We report a case of a patient who developed Trichoderma spp.-related pneumonia (TRP) after heart–lung transplantation. In the absence of antifungal susceptibility testing, TRP was confirmed by histological examination, and empirical therapy with voriconazole and caspofungin was swiftly initiated. Complete resolution of pneumonia was obtained after prolonged combination therapy. Given the lack of guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to apply during Trichoderma infection. After deduplication and selection of full texts, we found 42 articles eligible for the systematic review. Pneumonia seems to be the most common clinical manifestation (31.8%). The most used antifungal therapy was amphotericin B, while combination therapy was also reported (27.3%). All the patients were immunocompromised except for one case. Despite the rarity of Trichoderma spp. infection, the increase in invasive fungal infections is of growing importance in ICU, considering their impact on mortality and the emergence of antifungal resistance. In the absence of prospective and multicenter studies, a review can provide useful insight regarding the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of these unexpected challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review

Burzio

Balzani

Montrucchio

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…T. longibrachiatum is frequently isolated from agricultural soils, mushrooms, and marine environments, and it grows better at tropical temperatures rather than in temperate climates [ 193 ]. This fungus has been reported to cause cardiac and pulmonary mycoses in immunocompromised humans [ 194 , 195 , 196 ]. Nonetheless, it has also been reported to be used as an important biocontrol agent [ 159 , 169 ], exerting parasitism and inducing plant defense systems, along with the production of several important secondary metabolites, as shown by the examples described below.…”

Section: Biocontrol Potential Of Registered Trichoderma ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases—A Review

Guzmán-Guzmán

Kumar

Santos-Villalobos

et al. 2023

Plants

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Biocontrol agents (BCA) have been an important tool in agriculture to prevent crop losses due to plant pathogens infections and to increase plant food production globally, diminishing the necessity for chemical pesticides and fertilizers and offering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option. Fungi from the genus Trichoderma are among the most used and studied microorganisms as BCA due to the variety of biocontrol traits, such as parasitism, antibiosis, secondary metabolites (SM) production, and plant defense system induction. Several Trichoderma species are well-known mycoparasites. However, some of those species can antagonize other organisms such as nematodes and plant pests, making this fungus a very versatile BCA. Trichoderma has been used in agriculture as part of innovative bioformulations, either just Trichoderma species or in combination with other plant-beneficial microbes, such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Here, we review the most recent literature regarding the biocontrol studies about six of the most used Trichoderma species, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, and T. viride, highlighting their biocontrol traits and the use of these fungal genera in Trichoderma-based formulations to control or prevent plant diseases, and their importance as a substitute for chemical pesticides and fertilizers.

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“…Clinical manifestations of trichodermasis include pneumonia ( 1 ), rhino-orbital-cerebral mycosis, oral infection, otitis externa, sinusitis, brain abscess, stomatitis, mediastinitis and peritonitis ( 2 ), endocarditis ( 3 ), skin and skin structural infection, keratitis, and septic shock ( 4 ). Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma longibrachiatum-Associated Skin Inflammation and Atypical Hyperplasia in Mouse

Zhang

2022

Front. Med.

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BackgroundThe relationship between infection and tumors has attracted increasing attention. Trichoderma spp. are often isolated from tumors. However, their potential role remains unclear. We recently reported the isolation of Trichoderma longibrachiatum from a patient with pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma that was confirmed as primary infection by application of laser capture microdissection and polymerase chain reaction. To explore whether the strain is pathogenic and whether it can cause atypical cell proliferation and infiltration of NK cells and T cells, we designed a mouse infection experiment.MethodsTwelve ICR mice were randomly separated into three groups. Cyclophosphamide was used to inhibit the immunity of mice. A mouse model of Trichoderma infection was successfully established by intracutaneous injection on the back skin with a suspension of strain PKUT180420015. The pathological manifestations of Trichoderma infection and the interaction between immune cells and fungi were observed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and intensive fungal staining. Reisolation of the fungus was observed by infected tissue culture. The inoculated sites exhibited swelling 3 days after inoculation, and ulcers developed at approximately 14 days. Skin specimens were obtained and then cultured at 3, 7, and 14 days after inoculation. We selected mice 14 days after inoculation in Group 3, whose ulcers were the most typical, for histological analysis.ResultsInflammation, angioinvasion and necrosis were observed. Immunohistochemistry showed positive markers of Ki67, CD3, CD56, GZMB, and PRF. Periodic acid-Schiff staining, periodic acid-silver methenamine staining, and Calcofluor staining showed fungal spores in the vascular lumen, vascular walls and around the blood vessels.ConclusionsOur studies showed that a T. longibrachiatum strain (PKUT180420015) isolated from a biopsy specimen in a patient with pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma could induce atypical hyperplasia, with the expression of Ki67, CD3, CD56, GZMB, and PRF in mice. These data indicate that the fungus may be involved in inducing atypical hyperplasia or tumorigenesis.

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Firstcase of pneumonia-parapneumonic effusion due to Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review

Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review

Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases—A Review

Trichoderma longibrachiatum-Associated Skin Inflammation and Atypical Hyperplasia in Mouse

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