Trends in blood lipid levels, blood pressure, alcohol and smoking habits from 1985 to 2002: results from INTERGENE and GOT-MONICA

Berg, Christina; Lissner, Lauren; Aires, Nibia; Lappas, Georgios; Wilhelmsen, Lars; Rosengren, Annika; Thelle, Dag S.

doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000141302.59813.14

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It has been argued recently that the forces driving these trends operate at the population level rather than the individual level, because the trends occur across the percentile distribution [15,32]; the inter-country evidence we present here further supports that contention. For hypertension, however, the few studies performed report conflicting outcomes [17,21,34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The majority of studies have shown a decreasing trend in blood pressure [14,[21][22], although a few studies have detected increasing trends [17][18]20]. Inconsistent trends have also been observed for cholesterol [15][16][17][18]22] and triglycerides [15,20]. Smoking, not a risk factor for metabolic syndrome but a major one for cardiovascular disease and cancer, has decreased especially in men in all western industrialized countries [15,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Inconsistent trends have also been observed for cholesterol [15][16][17][18]22] and triglycerides [15,20]. Smoking, not a risk factor for metabolic syndrome but a major one for cardiovascular disease and cancer, has decreased especially in men in all western industrialized countries [15,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Studies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA project covering the majority of European countries [14][15][16][17][18] and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA population [19][20][21][22] have consistently reported trends of increasing bodymass index (BMI). Published results on blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides have been more divergent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term temporal trends in cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors

Borena

Stocks

Strohmaier

et al. 2009

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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The study shows that individual metabolic risk factors followed divergent trends over the period of three decades even though the combination of three or more risk factors used as a proxy for the metabolic syndrome appeared to be stable over the last two of the decades. The two key components of the syndrome, namely BMI and glucose levels, increased significantly and deserve professional attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Long-term temporal trends in cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors

Borena

Stocks

Strohmaier

et al. 2009

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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“…The effect of alcohol consumption on plasma lipid levels and their effects on cardiovascular death have been studied extensively [54]. Ruixing et al reported that the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with alcohol consumption [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among Turkish adults: Trabzon lipid study

Erem

Hacıhasanoğlu

Değer

et al. 2008

Endocr

109

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The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia as defined by NCEP ATP III criteria in the Trabzon Region of Turkey and to determine its associations with cardiovascular risk factors [hypertension (HT), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and fasting serum glucose (FBG)] demographic factors (age, sex, obesity, marital status, reproductive history in women, and level of education), socioeconomic factors (household income and occupation), a family history of selected medical conditions (diabetes, HT, obesity, and cardiovascular disease), and lifestyle factors (smoking habits, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) in the adult population. In this cross-sectional survey, a sample of households was systematically selected from the central province of Trabzon city and its nine towns, namely, Akcaabat, Duzkoy, Vakfikebir, Yomra, Arakli, Of, Caykara, Surmene, and Macka. A total of 4,809 subjects (2,601 women and 2,208 men) were included in the study. Individuals older than 20 years were selected from their family health cards. Demographic and socioeconomic factors, a family history of selected medical conditions, and lifestyle factors were obtained for all participants. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were measured for all subjects. The individuals included in the questionnaire were invited to the local medical centers for blood tests between 08:00 and 10:00 after 12 h of fasting. The levels of serum glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), and trigylcerides were measured with autoanalyzer. Dyslipidemia was defined according to guidelines from the US NCEP ATP III diagnostic criteria. The ratio of TC to HDL-C was calculated. Definition and classification of HT were performed according to guidelines from the US JNC-7 report. The results obtained indicated that the age-adjusted mean values (mg/dl) of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, [TC/HDL-C ratio], and TG were 190 +/- 0.6, 127.5 +/- 0.5, 50.3 +/- 0.3, 3.96 +/- 0.02, and 137.3 +/- 1.5, respectively. Overall, the mean levels of LDL-C, TG and TC/HDL-C ratio were higher in men than in women, whereas the mean level of HDL-C was higher in women than in men. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia (> or =200 mg/dl), elevated LDL-C (> or =130 mg/dl), low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (> or =150 mg/dl) were 37.5, 44.5, 21.1, and 30.4%, respectively. Prevalences of dyslipidemia were higher in men than in women, except for TC (P < 0.0001). The prevalences of high TC, LDL-C, TG, and TC/HDL-C ratio increased with age, with the highest prevalences in the 60-69-year-old group, and declined thereafter. The prevalences of high TC, LDL-C and TG, a high TC/HDL-C ratio and low HDL-C increased steadily in line with BP, BMI, WC, WHR, and FBG (P < 0.0001). Dyslipidemia was positively associated with marital status, parity, cessation of cigarette smoking and current cigarette use, and alcohol consumption, and negatively as...

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