Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among Turkish adults: Trabzon lipid study

Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia as defined by NCEP ATP III criteria in the Trabzon Region of Turkey and to determine its associations with cardiovascular risk factors [hypertension (HT), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and fasting serum glucose (FBG)] demographic factors (age, sex, obesity, marital status, reproductive history in women, and level of education), socioeconomic factors (household income and occupation), a family history of selected medical conditions (diabetes, HT, obesity, and cardiovascular disease), and lifestyle factors (smoking habits, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) in the adult population. In this cross-sectional survey, a sample of households was systematically selected from the central province of Trabzon city and its nine towns, namely, Akcaabat, Duzkoy, Vakfikebir, Yomra, Arakli, Of, Caykara, Surmene, and Macka. A total of 4,809 subjects (2,601 women and 2,208 men) were included in the study. Individuals older than 20 years were selected from their family health cards. Demographic and socioeconomic factors, a family history of selected medical conditions, and lifestyle factors were obtained for all participants. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were measured for all subjects. The individuals included in the questionnaire were invited to the local medical centers for blood tests between 08:00 and 10:00 after 12 h of fasting. The levels of serum glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), and trigylcerides were measured with autoanalyzer. Dyslipidemia was defined according to guidelines from the US NCEP ATP III diagnostic criteria. The ratio of TC to HDL-C was calculated. Definition and classification of HT were performed according to guidelines from the US JNC-7 report. The results obtained indicated that the age-adjusted mean values (mg/dl) of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, [TC/HDL-C ratio], and TG were 190 +/- 0.6, 127.5 +/- 0.5, 50.3 +/- 0.3, 3.96 +/- 0.02, and 137.3 +/- 1.5, respectively. Overall, the mean levels of LDL-C, TG and TC/HDL-C ratio were higher in men than in women, whereas the mean level of HDL-C was higher in women than in men. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia (> or =200 mg/dl), elevated LDL-C (> or =130 mg/dl), low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (> or =150 mg/dl) were 37.5, 44.5, 21.1, and 30.4%, respectively. Prevalences of dyslipidemia were higher in men than in women, except for TC (P < 0.0001). The prevalences of high TC, LDL-C, TG, and TC/HDL-C ratio increased with age, with the highest prevalences in the 60-69-year-old group, and declined thereafter. The prevalences of high TC, LDL-C and TG, a high TC/HDL-C ratio and low HDL-C increased steadily in line with BP, BMI, WC, WHR, and FBG (P < 0.0001). Dyslipidemia was positively associated with marital status, parity, cessation of cigarette smoking and current cigarette use, and alcohol consumption, and negatively as...

Dyslipidemia and its Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Selected Population of Siliguri City, West Bengal, India.

“…Similar findings were reported by Gupta et al in their study done in cohorts of male population in Rajasthan. 21 In the present study, the means of plasma lipids except TG were higher in females than in males which were concordant with the findings of the studies among the urban adults of Mumbai 22 & Trabzon Region of Turkey 23 . As per NCEP-ATPIII guidelines, in the preset study, it was revealed that 78.4% of study population was dyslipidemic and it was more in males (84.4%) than in females (71.8%).…”

“…22 In a similar study done in Warangal district of Andhra Pradesh, dyslipidemia was reported in 52.7% of males and 42.9% of females 24 and the Trabzon Lipid study in Turkey also led to the same observation. 23 The prevalence of dyslipidemia in our study population was high indicating high risk of CVD. This was consistent with the study done among young adults in Izmir, Turkey 25 and in urban dwellers of Mumbai.…”

Association of Body Mass Index with Dyslipidemia among the Government Staff of Kermanshah, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In contrast, in Germany and United States, women are involved more in the disease (24,25). Most studies have reported results similar to ours (26,27). This might be due to the higher smoking rate in men, whose physical activity is lower and overall/abdominal obesity is higher, resulting in the increased levels of blood lipids (28).…”

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Its Determinants in Rural Delhi

“…This was similar to that reported by another study conducted in Turkey where cigarette use and alcohol consumption were positively associated with dyslipidemia. 17 Diabetes mellitus Type 2, hypertension and higher body mass index also had increased burden of dyslipidemia as stated by Cabrera et al This again points towards need for promoting lifestyle interventions for maintaining weight and blood pressure. 18 Use of saturated fat and mixed type of fats was associated with increased burden of dyslipidemia.…”