Treated sewage effluent (water) potential to be used for horticultural production in Botswana

Emongor, V.E.; Ramolemana, G.M.

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2004.08.003

Cited by 65 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Toledo & Nicolella (2002), investigaram o índice de qualidade de água em bacia hidrográfica sob uso agrícola e urbano e encontraram uma média de nitrato (0,114 mg L -1 ) inferior às médias encontradas em P2, P3 e P4 (Tabela 2), o que mostra maior capacidade de nitrificação do corpo hídrico no trecho avaliado por esses autores em comparação com o trecho avaliado do Córrego Jurubatuba. O valor médio encontrado de amônia em P1 foi inferior ao avaliado por Sousa et al (2009), que analisaram o efluente final da estação de tratamento de esgotos domésticos da cidade de Aquiraz, CE, composta de quatro lagoas de estabilização em série (uma anaeróbia, uma facultativa e duas de maturação), com valor de 8,24 mg L -1 ; entretanto, o valor foi superior ao encontrado por Emongor & Ramolemana (2004), que irrigaram culturas hortícolas e frutíferas com efluente tratado por lodos ativados e lagoas de maturação, o qual apresentava uma concentração média de nitrogênio amoniacal igual a 0,16 mg L -1 .…”

Section: Nitratounclassified

Qualidade da água de um córrego sob influência de efluente tratado de abate bovino

Thebaldi¹,

Sandri²,

Felisberto³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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RESUMOAs agroindústrias figuram entre as maiores fontes poluidoras das águas no Brasil, em função da grande quantidade de resíduos produzidos, contendo substâncias orgânicas, nutrientes, sólidos, óleos e graxas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito do lançamento de efluente de abate de bovinos sobre a qualidade da água do Córrego Jurubatuba, em Anápolis, GO. As amostras de efluente e a água foram obtidas em seis diferentes dias e em quatro posições, em relação ao ponto de lançamento: P1 -na saída do efluente tratado, antes do lançamento no córrego; P2 -50 m à montante do ponto de descarga; P3 -50 m à jusante do ponto de descarga e P4 -120 m à jusante do ponto de descarga. Analisaram-se as concentrações de OD, DBO, DQO, amônia, nitrito e nitrato. Os valores de DBO em todos os pontos de coleta no Córrego Jurubatuba foram superiores aos padrões descritos na Resolução do CONAMA nº 357/2005 para cursos de água da classe 2. O lançamento de efluente no Córrego Jurubatuba elevou os valores de DBO e DQO no ponto P3, enquanto no ponto P4 foi semelhante aos valores obtidos antes do lançamento de efluente. As concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, amônia, nitrito e nitrato, não sofreram alterações significativas no córrego. Palavras-chave: DBO, autodepuração, corpo hídrico receptorWater quality of a stream under influence of cattle slaughter treated effluent ABSTRACT Agroindustrial systems are among the largest sources of water pollution in Brazil, due to the large amount of waste produced, containing organic substances, nutrients, solids, oils and fats. This study aimed to analyze the effect of release of cattle slaughter treated effluent on the water quality of the Jurubatuba Stream in the municipality of Anápolis, GO. The effluent and stream water samples were obtained at six different days and at four positions in relation to the point of discharge: P1 -the discharge of the treated wastewater, before launching it into the stream; P2 -upstream, 50 m away from the discharge point; P3 -downstream, 50 m away from the discharge point; and P4 -downstream, 120 m away from the discharge point. The concentrations of DO, BOD, COD, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were analyzed. The BOD values at all samphing points in the Jurubatuba Stream were higher than the described standards of CONAMA Resolution n°. 357/2005 for class 2 water bodies. The effluent launch in Jurubatuba Stream increased values of BOD and COD at point P3, while at point P4 values were similar to those obtained upstream the effluent release (P2). The concentrations of DO, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate did not change significantly in the stream.

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Section: Nitratounclassified

Qualidade da água de um córrego sob influência de efluente tratado de abate bovino

Thebaldi¹,

Sandri²,

Felisberto³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…In addition, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were approximately 80% [29]. The excessive concentration of nutrients in wastewater, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus leads to the eutrophication of water bodies (such as, lakes and rivers) and subterranean water contamination [30][31][32]. CW treatments also show good efficiency in removing micronutrients, which is highlighted by the removal of aluminum (90%) and zinc (78%) [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chloride tends to remain constant through traditional processing of effluents; however, it is known that it may be decreased by ion exchange and reverse osmosis. Water containing residual chlorine with concentrations greater than 10 mg L -1 can harm agricultural crops [30] in the same way as the reuse of water with high concentrations of sodium may cause handling problems in crops [37]. Additionally, studies show that sodium has harmful effects on soil, resulting in toxic effects for the plants [38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cation and anion monitoring in a wastewater treatment pilot project

Almeida

Vargas-Zerwes

Ferreira-Bastos

et al. 2015

Rev. Fac. Ing. Antioquia

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2.7 billion people, and the volume of water will have to increase 41% to meet the needs of the population [7]. In poor countries, the problems are more alarming in relation to untreated wastewater [10].Even though most of the farm households are aware of the environmental and health consequences related to the crop irrigation with wastewater, they still use it because of its cost advantages. This issue is one of the sanitary challenges also found at water-scarce regions [11]. This practice is widely used in Africa; for example, in [12] observed that wastewater treatment systems do not always reach enough quality for the purposes of irrigation and for non-potable applications. Therefore, water reuse might be dangerous for the farmers in some regions. . The results also showed that CWs system is suitable for removing ions from the wastewater. Cation and anion monitoring in a wastewater treatment pilot project RESUMEN:El propósito del tratamiento de aguas residuales es la reutilización del agua.Esta reduce el consumo de agua potable y previene la contaminación del agua de primer uso. La reutilización del agua ya se ha implementado con éxito en diferentes lugares. Los tratamientos que utilizan los humedales artifi ciales son ampliamente estudiados como una alternativa más económica y ecológica para tratar las aguas residuales. En estos sistemas, el control de especies inorgánicas también es importante. Este estudio ha monitoreado cationes (Na + . Los resultados también mostraron que el sistema CWs está adecuado para la eliminación de iones del agua residual.,

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“…Although a number of studies has been carried out on various aspects of the system (Li et al, 2001;Cornish and Kielen, 2004;Emongor and Ramolemana, 2004;Samarghandi et al, 2007), knowledge is still limited on its impact on soils and the associated heavy metal accumulation in soils. Most studies on the effects of treated waste effluents on vegetable crops had been done with sewage sludge (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, according to Emongor and Ramolemana (2004), the use of secondary treated wastewater, rather than raw effluent water, appears to have had few adverse physical, chemical, or biological effects on vegetables and fruits. This agrees with the findings of researchers in some other parts of the world (Heidarpour et al, *Corresponding Author Email: dikinyao@mopipi.ub.bw Tel./Fax: +267 355 2512 2007; Wang et al, 2007a;b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of heavy metal concentration in secondary treated wastewater irrigated soils cultivated by different crops

Dikinya

Areola

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The use of treated urban wastewater for irrigation is a relatively recent innovation in Botswana and knowledge is still limited on its impact on soil heavy metal levels. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare heavy metal concentration in secondary wastewater irrigated soils being cultivated to different crops: olive, maize, spinach and tomato in the Glen Valley near Gaborone City, Botswana. The studied crop plots have been cultivated continuously under treated wastewater irrigation for at least 3 years. Most crop farms have sandy loam, loamy sand soils. Based on food and agriculture organization, heavy metal threshold values for crop production have been studied. Results showed that the wastewater irrigated soils in the Glen Valley have higher cadmium, nickel and copper than desirable levels, while the levels of mercury, lead and zinc are lower than the maximum threshold values recommended for crop production. The control sites show that the soils are naturally high in some of these heavy metals (e.g copper, zinc, nickel) and that crop cultivation under wastewater irrigation has actually lowered the heavy metal content. Comparing between the crops, mercury and cadmium levels are highest in soils under maize and decline linearly from maize to spinach to olive to tomato and control site. By contrast, concentrations of the other metals are at their lowest in maize and then increase from maize to spinach to olive to tomato and to control site.

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Treated sewage effluent (water) potential to be used for horticultural production in Botswana

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

Qualidade da água de um córrego sob influência de efluente tratado de abate bovino

Qualidade da água de um córrego sob influência de efluente tratado de abate bovino

Cation and anion monitoring in a wastewater treatment pilot project

Comparative analysis of heavy metal concentration in secondary treated wastewater irrigated soils cultivated by different crops

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