Trabalho e pobreza no Brasil entre narrativas governamentais e experiências individuais

Abstract

Work and Poverty in Brazil. Government narratives and individual experiences This thesis intends to grasp transformations, displacements, tensions and disputes concerning the articulations of the categories "labor" and "poverty", by analyzing them from two different but connected points of view, the governmental and the individual perspectives. Consequently, the empirical investigation is conducted considering two frameworks: the Brazilian state perspective, which, through its policies, classifies some of its citizens as "poor", and the individuals' categorized as poor outlook. We analyzed the governmental actions and institutional formulations that drove Brazil's social policies in the 2000s and 2010s, revealing the strategies and narratives that have sustained government actions oriented to the problem of placing "poor" individuals in the productive world. This process was reconstructed through the extensive examination of institutional materials and interviews with governmental agents at federal and municipal levels. We documented that, as the scenario in Brazil transformed and social policies developed, governmental discourses produced new symbolic ways to entangle poverty and labor. These subjects were likewise investigated considering the point of view and everyday experiences of a group of individuals and families who benefitted from poverty relief programs. To do so, we conducted an ethnographic study in an peripheral neighborhood in São Paulo city, analyzing the families' trajectories institutionally categorized as "poor", demonstrating the multiplicity of survival strategies and means of guaranteeing income and well-being, as well as the diversity of native forms of describing and representing these strategies. Familial composition and their dynamics, origin, gender and generation appeared as crucial dimensions in analysis. It revealed the intensity with which different meanings of labor were constructed, manipulated and disputed in the daily lives of individuals in contexts of poverty. We observed the transformations in the narratives, strategies and dynamics of poor people's relationships with the structural circuits of their survival: markets, State, family, friendships and neighborhood networks. This complex mesh of activities with which individuals engage in to earn a living-formal and informal, legal and illegal, moral and immoral, visible and invisible-, challenge governmental discourses and practices as well as the understanding of the Sociology of Labor.

SISTEMAS NACIONAIS DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E SEUS EFEITOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO O caso do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Suas)

“…Contribuímos para o debate ao tomar como ponto de partida o arcabouço normativo definido nacionalmente pelo Suas para entender padrões gerais de provisão de serviços no nível municipal. Não se trata de compreender em detalhes a implementação local de serviços em municípios selecionados -como verificamos em boa parte da literatura, seja examinando diferentes dimensões da política de assistência social (Couto et al, 2012), seja abordando programas específicos, em especial da proteção básica (Ribeiro, 2011;Borges, 2014;Jaccoud, 2015;Vieira, 2017;Serapião, 2018). Antes, procuramos entender os padrões gerais de implementação, com ênfase na provisão de serviços e benefícios, verificando tendências temporais em diferentes tipos de município.…”