Toxicological evaluation of jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seed

Dugan, G.M.; Gumbmann, Michael R.; Friedman, Mendel

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(89)90045-8

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…No histological lesions were associated with ingestion of Datura stramonium seed at 5.0%. The authors concluded that Datura stramonium seed at concentrations of 0.5% or more in the diet produced adverse physiological changes in rats [152].The plant is a hallucinogenic plant, all parts of the plant can cause severe anticholinergic reactions that may lead to deathin human [153].The whole plant, particularly the foliage & seeds was toxic. It produced anticolinergic symptoms as a result of inhibition of central and peripheral cholinergic neurotransmission.…”

Section: Side Effects and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical importance of Datura fastuosa (syn: Datura metel) and Datura stramonium - A review

Al-Snafi¹

2017

IOSRPHR

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Abstract:-The preliminary phytochemical investigation was performed on methanolic and hydroalcoholic extract of Datura fastuosa (syn: Datura metel) revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic compounds, while, phytochemical analysis of Datura stramonium showed that it contained alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides. The previous pharmacological studies of Datura fastuosa showed that it possessed antimicrobial insecticidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, neurological, wound healing, reproductive and antispasmodic, while Datura stramonium exerted Antiepileptic, Anti-asthmatic, analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, repellent and organophosphate protective effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Datura fastuosa and Datura stramonium.

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Section: Side Effects and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical importance of Datura fastuosa (syn: Datura metel) and Datura stramonium - A review

Al-Snafi¹

2017

IOSRPHR

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“…This is one of the possible causes for the blood glucose elevation. After Jimson weed intoxication, colics are observed 3,4,[16][17][18]29,32,37,38 , because of the anticholinergic effect of plant alkaloids 4,11,16,17,20,28,32,35,41 . The colic could be related to increased amounts of catecholamines (epinephrine amd dopamine), resulting from adrenal hyperfunction under stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxic principles are tropane belladonna alkaloids which possess strong anticholinergic properties 5,31,32,36 . They include hyoscyamine (stems, leaves, roots, seeds) 27 , hyoscine (roots); atropine (d,l-hyoscyamine) and scopolamine (l-hyoscine) 11,16,20,23,27,31,32,39 . All parts of the plant are toxic, but the greatest amount of alkaloids are contained in ripe seeds 7,13,16,36 , young, dried leaves 28 and stems and leaves of young plants 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poisoning results in widespread inhibition of parasympathetic innervated organs 7,15,20,35,38 . The wide distribution, high toxicity and the potential for occurrence in foodstuffs are responsible for the numerous incidents in humans [1][2][3]6,7,[9][10][11][12][14][15][16]18,19,21,25,30,[32][33][34][35]39,40 . Cases of Jimson weed intoxication are considerably less frequent in animals such as cattle 29 , swine 23,24,26,43 , dogs 22,41 , sheep and goats 17 and poultry 13,44 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on some paraclinical indices on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling : clinical communication

Binev¹,

Valchev²,

Nikolov³

2006

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Monitoring of changes in some blood laboratory parameters in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling, heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. For a 7-day period the following parameters were monitored: haemoglobin content (HGB), red blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential white cell counts (DWC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), blood glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), globulin (Glob) and albumin (Alb). The intoxication was accompanied by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, regenerative left shift neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia, increased haematocrit values, low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyperglycaemia, bilirubinaemia, hypoproteinaemia and increased activity of AST and LDH. No changes occurred in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), albumin, globulin and globulin fractions (a1, a2, b1, b2 and g). The blood parameters returned to normal between post-intoxication days 2 and 5. The observed changes in clinical chemistry indices could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of Jimson weed intoxication.

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“…A 90-day feeding study with ground D. stramonium seeds containing 2710 mg atropine and 660 mg scopolamine/kg seed mixed into the feed at 0, 0.5, 1.58, and 5.0% corresponding to 6.85, 53.25 and 168.5 mg tropane alkaloids per kg was conducted with 20 male and female weanling SpragueDawley rats (Dugan et al, 1989). All animals survived with the exception of a female rat fed the 5% Datura diet.…”

Section: Toxicity Studies In Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropane alkaloids (from Datura sp.) as undesirable substances in animal feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

2008

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYThe term tropane alkaloids refers to a group of more than 200 compounds best known for their occurrence in the family Solanaceae comprising over 100 genera and 3000 plant species. They have in common a two-ringed structure characterized by a pyrrolidine and a piperidine ring sharing a single nitrogen atom and two carbons atoms. The nitrogen atom at the end of the molecule, which characterizes the compounds as alkaloids, is in this group characteristically methylated. The most important natural tropane alkaloids are (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine (also known as hyoscine). High concentrations of these alkaloids have been found particularly in Datura stramonium and Datura ferox, as well as in Datura innoxia. The pattern of tropane alkaloids differs significantly and in Datura stramonium (also known as thorn apple or Jimson weed) hyoscyamine prevails in most parts of the plant, whereas in Datura ferox scopolamine is the major alkaloid Tropane alkaloids as undesirable substances in animal feedThe EFSA Journal (2008) 691, 2-55 produced. Datura plants are toxic for animals if ingested in larger amounts. Their seeds, which contain significant amounts of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, can be found as botanical impurities in feed materials, particularly in soybean and linseed products.Very little information on the actual contamination of feed materials is available, and previous reports on adverse health effects in animals refer in most cases to accidental intoxications following the consumption of Datura plants rather than to the contamination of linseed and sobean contaning feed materials. Hence no conclusive exposure assessment could be presented for farm animals.Overall, pigs have been shown to be among the most sensitive species to Datura poisoning. A worst case exposure estimate indicated that adverse pharmacological effects in pigs following exposure to Datura ferox seeds, mainly containing scopolamine, can not be entirely excluded at the current statutory limits of 3000 mg/kg feed. However, the limited data also suggested that it is not likely that the presence of Datura stramonium impurities in animals feed up to the current statutory level of 1000 mg/kg would present a risk to animal health.The mechanism of action of tropane alkaloids relates to their competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, preventing the binding of acetylcholine. According to the specificity and selectivity of muscarinergic acetylcholine receptors in different organs, the functions of smooth muscles and exocrine gland cells, as well as the heart rate, respiration and functions in the central nervous system are modulated. Certain tropanes such as atropine (the racemic mixture of (-)-and (+)hyoscyamine) as well as scopolamine (mainly as butylscopolamine bromide) are used in human and veterinary therapy for a variety of related indications. Reports of poisoning of livestock and experimental feeding studies describe as most common symptoms associated with tropane alkaloids exposure dryness of the mucosa in the uppe...

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Toxicological evaluation of jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seed

Cited by 51 publications

References 13 publications

Medical importance of Datura fastuosa (syn: Datura metel) and Datura stramonium - A review

Medical importance of Datura fastuosa (syn: Datura metel) and Datura stramonium - A review

Studies on some paraclinical indices on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling : clinical communication

Tropane alkaloids (from Datura sp.) as undesirable substances in animal feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

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