Toward Commercialization of Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules

Abstract

The commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology is dependent on the development of high‐efficiency, stable, and large‐area solar modules. Despite the rapid rise in efficiencies of laboratory‐scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs), there is still a big gap in the transition from small‐area devices to large‐area perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Herein, recent progresses on scaling‐up PSMs are reviewed: first, multifarious scalable preparation methods, solvent engineering, and corresponding morphology control strategies for large‐area homogeneous perovskite films are summarized. Various charge carrier transport materials, electrode materials, and their scaling methods for high‐efficiency and stable PSMs are then outlined and the device structure design of PSMs is discussed. Finally, the current strategies for optimizing the environmental stability of devices are highlighted, and packaging for reducing lead leakage during operation is discussed.

Recent Progress in Large-Area Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules

“…Inkjet printing is an all-around technology for controllable and large-scale deposition of thin films from a colloidal dispersion or homogeneous solution inks [49,125,126]. In contrast to the blade coating and slot-die coating techniques, inkjet printing is a noncontact printing method, and the ink can be deposited on a flexible or rigid substrate with a smooth, rough, or even curved surface.…”

“…Recently, PSMs have undergone rapid development, and an understanding of their mechanism has been further developed. Some previous reviews related to large-area PSMs mainly focused on the modification methods for perovskite films [45,[49][50][51] and charge transport materials [52][53][54][55].…”

Rudorffites and Beyond: Perovskite‐Inspired Silver/Copper Pnictohalides for Next‐Generation Environmentally Friendly Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics

“…Semiconductors are the core materials of photovoltaic and optoelectronic technologies, which are central to tackling the global of lead-halide perovskites, the prospects for commercialization of technologies based on such materials are limited by their operational instability (e.g., against moisture, molecular oxygen, UV light, and elevated temperatures) and the prohibitive toxicity of lead. [8][9][10][11][12] While respectable improvements in robustness are currently being achieved (yet still not at the level required for broad implementation), [13][14][15][16] the use of toxic lead is most likely impossible to avoid in high-performance organo-metal halide perovskites, at least for photovoltaic applications. [17,18] The toxicity aspect can hardly be ignored in light of the increasingly strict regulations worldwide.…”

Mixed Dimensional Perovskites Heterostructure for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique optoelectronic properties, power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost‐effectiveness, and solution processability. [ 1–5 ] Within a few years, the PCE of 3D (3D) perovskite materials based PSCs has rapidly soared from 3.8% to 25.8%, which is comparable with that of the state‐of‐art monocrystalline silicon solar cells. [ 6–8 ] However, because of their intrinsic structural characteristics, 3D perovskites still suffer from poor stability in ambient conditions, when exposed to UV light, moisture, heat, and electric field, which limits the commercialization potential of the PSCs.…”