Tomenendalova J: How to approach the QT interval in dogs - the state of the heart: a review

Agudelo, C. F.; Scheer, Peter; Tomenendálová, Jaroslava

doi:10.17221/1569-vetmed

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Bazett's and Fridericia's formulae fail to describe the QT to RR functional relationship in the dog (Agudelo et al 2011). The procedures for calculating QTcB and QTcF were originally formulated on the basis of human physiology and employ, respectively, quadratic and cubic corrections of HR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QT interval in healthy dogs: which method of correcting the QT interval in dogs is appropriate for use in small animal clinics?

Oliveira

Muzzi

et al. 2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(5):469-472, maio 2014 469 RESUMO.-[Intervalo QT em cães hígidos: qual método de correção para o intervalo QT é mais apropriado na clínica de pequenos animais?] O intervalo QT do eletrocardiograma (ECG) é influenciado por variações da frequência cardíaca (FC), o que pode levar a erros na interpretação de sua duração. Considerando que as alterações na duração do intervalo QT refletem anormalidades da repolarização ventricular, as quais predispõem a ocorrência de arritmias, esta variável deve ser devidamente avaliada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar qual método de correção do intervalo QT é mais adequado para os cães, considerando-se diferentes intervalos de FC normais. Cães adultos saudáveis, de diferentes raças (n=130; Pastor Alemão, Boxer, Pit Bull Terrier e Poodle) foram submetidos ao exame eletrocardiográfico, no qual se determinaram os intervalos QT a partir da derivação bipolar II e foram corrigidos os efeitos da FC por meio da aplicação de três fórmulas, envolvendo regressão quadrática, cúbica ou linear. Os valores do QT corrigido (QTc) obtidos utilizando as diversas fór-mulas foram significativamente diferentes (ρ<0,05), sendo os derivados da equação QTcV = QT + 0,087 (1-RR), os mais consistentes (regressão linear). The electrocardiography (ECG) QT interval is influenced by fluctuations in heart rate (HR) what may lead to misinterpretation of its length. Considering that alterations in QT interval length reflect abnormalities of the ventricular repolarisation which predispose to occurrence of arrhythmias, this variable must be properly evaluated. The aim of this work is to determine which method of correcting the QT interval is the most appropriate for dogs regarding different ranges of normal HR (different breeds). Healthy adult dogs (n=130; German Shepherd, Boxer, Pit Bull Terrier, and Poodle) were submitted to ECG examination and QT intervals were determined in triplicates from the bipolar limb II lead and corrected for the effects of HR through the application of three published formulae involving quadratic, cubic or linear regression. The mean corrected QT values (QTc) obtained using the diverse formulae were significantly different (ρ<0.05), while those derived according to the equation QTcV = QT + 0.087(1-RR) were the most consistent (linear regression). QTcV values were strongly correlated (r=0.83) with the QT interval and showed a coefficient of variation of 8.37% and a 95% confidence interval of 0.22-0.23 s. Owing to its simplicity and reliability, the QTcV was considered the most appropriate to be used for the correction of QT interval in dogs. intervalo de confiança de 95% de 0,22-0,23s. Devido à confiabilidade dos dados, o QTcV foi considerado o mais apropriado para ser utilizado para a correção do intervalo QT em cães, além de ser um método de fácil execução.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QT interval in healthy dogs: which method of correcting the QT interval in dogs is appropriate for use in small animal clinics?

Oliveira

Muzzi

et al. 2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Na primeira avaliação, 24 h antes do início da sedação prolongada, realizou-se avaliação eletrocardiográfica e as medidas dos potenciais elétricos, com auxílio do software eletrocardiógrafo digital computadorizado (TEB ® ECG PC) 2 , utilizando a derivação II, com velocidade de 50 mm/s e o aparelho calibrado para 1 mV= 1 cm (2N). O animal foi mantido em decúbito lateral direito, o qual melhora a qualidade das gravações, diminuindo artefatos relacionados a tremores musculares [27], os eletrodos foram conectados por meio de garras metálicas à pele, na região das articulações úmero-rádio-ulnar e fêmoro-tíbio-patelar.…”

Section: Delineamento Experimentalunclassified

“…Vários fatores são associados com a síndrome do QT longo em humanos, como hipocalemia, hipomagnesemia ou ainda bradicardia [20]. Esta última, também descrita em medicina veterinária [11], é comumente relacionada com a duração do QT em análises eletrocardiográficas em cães [2]. Kleinsasser et al [14] sugeriram que o propofol em infusão (6 mg/kg/h) promoveu diminuição de seu intervalo em humanos, porém, no presente estudo foi observado aumento do intervalo QT, possivelmente pela diminuição da FC, visto que com a normalização da FC em T24, os valores de QT retornaram à normalidade.…”

Section: Momentounclassified

Seric Concentration of Troponin I and Electrocardiographic Tracing in Dogs Submitted to Long-Term Sedation during 24 Hours

Regalin

Gehrcke

Comassetto

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: General anesthetics and sedatives are commonly used for long-term sedation in veterinary medicine; however, they can lead to cardiac suppression. Cardiac troponin I is a biomarker used to detect myocardial pathology, monitor treatment, and assess outcomes in veterinary patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentration of troponin I (cTnI), the electrocardiographic (ECG) tracing, and the ventricular stroke work index in dogs undergoing two long-term sedation protocols over 24 h. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve healthy mongrel dogs with an average weight of 13.2 ± 2.3 Kg were admitted for this study. Twenty-four h before the experiment began (M-24), venous blood samples were collected for chemiluminescent cTnI evaluation and ECG data were obtained, specifically heart rate (HR); P, PR, QRS and T wave duration; P, R, T wave amplitude; and ST segment depression. On the day of the experiment, the animals were anaesthetized with propofol and isoflurane, and instrumented. After instrumentation, right and left ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI and LVSWI respectively) and intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) were performed as baseline parameters. The isoflurane was then discontinued and the animals randomly allocated to two groups (n = 6 each): Midazolam and fentanyl group (GMF), in which the animals received a bolus and continuous rate infusion (CRI) of midazolam (0.5 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg/h) and fentanyl (5 µg/kg and 10 µg/kg/h) or ketamine and morphine group (GKM), in which the animals received a bolus and CRI of ketamine (1 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg/h) and morphine (0.5 mg/kg and 0.26 mg/kg/h). Both groups also received propofol as a bolus and CRI (3 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/ kg/min) over 24 h. The ECG and cTnI parameters were evaluated at 6, 12, and 24 h during CRI (M6, M12, and M24) and 12 and 24 h after the end of infusion (T12 and T24). The hemodynamic parameters RVSWI, LVSWI, and Qs/Qt were evaluated every 2 h until the end of CRI. There was a non-significant increase in cTnI from M6 in both groups; however, a significant increase was only observed in GMF between M-24 and T12. During sedation, HR decreased an average of 46% in GKM and 51% in GMF compared to M-24. The QT interval (milliseconds) increased in both groups after CRI started, returning to baseline values at T24. There were no differences in P, QRS, and T wave amplitude or ST segment depression in either group. Discussion: The serum concentration of cTnI increased in GMF at T12, more probably due to hemodynamic changes during sedation rather than myocardial lesions, since the increase was relatively mild. A greater hemodynamic change was observed in GMF, with a greater increase in RVSWI compared to baseline than GKM, which may reflect an increase in cardiac effort and possibly cTnI release; however, in both groups, the cTnI values remained within the acceptable values for the species. Bradycardia was reported during long-term sedation, which may be due to the synergism between opioids as a result of vagal stimulation, central s...

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“…The QT interval in the electrocardiogram (ECG) shows the duration of ventricular depolarization and repolarization (Brüler et al, 2018). The prolongation of the QT interval indicates that the duration of ventricular repolarization is prolonged electrocardiographically, which is a risk factor for the development of various severe and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes (Matsunaga et al, 1997;Ackerman, 1998;Raunig et al, 2001;Chiang et al, 2006;Schmitt et al, 2007;Agudelo et al, 2011;Patel et al, 2017). Short QT syndrome is a recently described disease characterized by shortening of the QT interval and it is associated with paroxysmal atrial or ventricular fibrillation, fainting seizures and can cause sudden death in healthy people (Kijtawornrat et al, 2010;Brüler et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short QT syndrome is a recently described disease characterized by shortening of the QT interval and it is associated with paroxysmal atrial or ventricular fibrillation, fainting seizures and can cause sudden death in healthy people (Kijtawornrat et al, 2010;Brüler et al, 2018). QT interval depends on the heart rate, many physiological, pathological factors and medications, so that making interpretation of the data is very difficult (Matsunaga et al, 1997;Spence et al, 1998;Raunig et al 2001;Batey and Doe, 2002;Chiang et al, 2006;Watanabe and Miyazaki 2006;Schmitt, 2007;Fossa, 2008;Agudelo et al, 2011;Patel et al, 2017). For this reason, it is very important to determine a true QT interval (QTc), and various studies have been carried out recently (Spence et al, 1998;Raunig et al, 2001;Batey and Doe 2002;Chiang et al, 2006;Watanabe and Miyazaki 2006;Fossa, 2008;Patel et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Corrected QT Interval in Kangal Breed Dogs

Gönül¹,

Koenhemsi²,

Yıldız³

et al. 2019

PVJ

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QT interval is one of the important reasons of severe and life threatening ventricular arrhythmias in humans and animals. Many formulas have been developed for correcting the QT interval however the best formula did not define yet by the researchers. For this reason, forty-nine clinically healthy Kangal dogs without cardiac problems other than sinus arrhythmia were included to the study. In this study corrected QT interval was determined by Bazet (QTcB = QT/√RR), Fridericia (QTcF = QT/ 3 √RR), Famingham (QT+0.154(1-RR)), Van der Water (QTcVdW = QT-0.087((60/HR)-1)), Hodges (QT+0.00175(HR-60)), Matsunaga (QTcM = log600 QT/logRR) formulas. As a result, Bazett's formula showed the best consistency because the slope curve of the regression line was closest to zero (-0.00743) in our study.

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Tomenendalova J: How to approach the QT interval in dogs - the state of the heart: a review

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

QT interval in healthy dogs: which method of correcting the QT interval in dogs is appropriate for use in small animal clinics?

QT interval in healthy dogs: which method of correcting the QT interval in dogs is appropriate for use in small animal clinics?

Seric Concentration of Troponin I and Electrocardiographic Tracing in Dogs Submitted to Long-Term Sedation during 24 Hours

Determination of Corrected QT Interval in Kangal Breed Dogs

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