Tissue Weights and Rates of Blood Flow in Man for the Prediction of Anesthetic Uptake and Distribution

Cowles, Alan L.; Borgstedt, Harold H.; Gillies, Alastair J.

doi:10.1097/00000542-197111000-00013

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This finding is unexpected regarding vascularisation in Graves' disease where an enlargement in the capillary network has been reported (Nagura et al 2001). The thyroid gland is vascularised with one of the highest blood flow rates per unit weight of tissue in the body (Cowles et al 1971). It is possible that when dedifferentiation occurs, thyroid tissue loses the ability to maintain the extremely rich vascularisation of the normal gland showing lower MVD in some proliferative lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in thyroid proliferative lesions: relationship to type and tumour behaviour

Torre¹,

Buley²,

Wass³

et al. 2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

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The role of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in thyroid cancer pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Patterns for tumour behaviour and metastasic spread vary according to tumour type and whether differences in the angiogenic or lymphangiogenic phenotype influence the route for tumour metastases or determine a more aggressive behaviour has not been fully explored. The angiogenic and lymphangiogenic phenotypes of a large cohort of thyroid proliferative lesions (nZ191) were studied. Using immunohistochemistry for CD34, lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor-1 (LYVE-1) (specific markers for vascular and lymphatic endothelium respectively

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in thyroid proliferative lesions: relationship to type and tumour behaviour

Torre¹,

Buley²,

Wass³

et al. 2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

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“…From a brain blood flow rate of 52.9 nd/min per 100 g [238], a brain mass of 1400 g, and a specific gravity of 1.04 [239]. 'Estimated as the total volume of blood per second supplied by one carotid artery, given the value for kl.…”

Section: A Model Of Injection Delivery Of Laser-polarized Xenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Laser-Polarized Noble Gases in Molecules, Materials, and Organisms

Goodson

2002

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

415

246

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“…m Hoque and Gandhi [1988] and Bernardi et al [2003]. n c and K were set to be equivalent to those for glands; b originates from Cowles et al [1971] and Williams and Leggett [1989]. o c originates from Duck [1990], and K from Soyenkoff and Okun [1958] and Craig and Peyton [1961].…”

Section: Basal Temperature Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical evaluation of SAR distribution and temperature changes around a metallic plate in the head of a RF exposed worker

McIntosh

Anderson²,

McKenzie

2005

Bioelectromagnetics

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The 1998 International Commission for Non-Ionising Radiation (ICNIRP) Guidelines for human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields contain a recommendation to assess the potential impact of metallic implants in workers exposed up to the allowable occupational field limits. This study provides an example of how numerical electromagnetic (EM) and thermal modelling can be used to determine whether scattered RF fields around metallic implants in workers exposed to allowable occupational ambient field limits will comply with the recommendations of relevant standards and guidelines. A case study is performed for plane wave exposures of a 50 mm diameter titanium cranioplasty plate, implanted around 5-6 mm under the surface of the forehead. The level of exposures was set to the ambient power flux density limits for occupational exposures specified in the 1998 ICNIRP guidelines and the current 1999 IEEE C95.1 standard over the frequency range 100-3000 MHz. Two distinct peak responses were observed. There was a resonant response for the whole implant at 200-300 MHz where the maximum dimension of the implant is around a third of the wavelength of the RF exposure. This, however, resulted in relatively low peak specific energy absorption rate (SAR) levels around the implant at the exposure limits. Between 2100-2800 MHz, a second SAR concentrating mechanism of constructive interference of the wave reflected back and forth between the air-scalp interface and the scalp-plate interface resulted in higher peak SARs that were within the allowable limits for the ICNIRP exposures, but not for the IEEE C95.1 exposures. Moreover, the IEEE peak SAR limits were also exceeded, to a lesser degree, even when the implant was not present. However, thermal modelling indicated that the peak SAR concentrations around the implant did not result in any peak temperature rise above 1 degrees C for occupational exposures recommended in the ICNIRP guidelines, and hence would not pose any significant health risk.

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Tissue Weights and Rates of Blood Flow in Man for the Prediction of Anesthetic Uptake and Distribution

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in thyroid proliferative lesions: relationship to type and tumour behaviour

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in thyroid proliferative lesions: relationship to type and tumour behaviour

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Laser-Polarized Noble Gases in Molecules, Materials, and Organisms

A numerical evaluation of SAR distribution and temperature changes around a metallic plate in the head of a RF exposed worker

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