Timeline: An Operating System Abstraction for Time-Aware Applications

Anwar, Fatima M.; D'souza, Sandeep; Symington, Andrew; Dongare, Adwait; Rajkumar, Ragunathan; Rowe, Anthony; Srivastava, Mani

doi:10.1109/rtss.2016.027

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The latter enables applications to adapt if timing uncertainty exceeds specified limits. Thus, fault-tolerant time-based coordination becomes enabled by using the notion of Quality of Time (QoT) [1], which represents the end-to-end uncertainty bounds corresponding to a timestamp, with respect to a clock reference. From an application perspective, if these bounds exceed an acceptable limit, the application can enter a graceful degradation mode, and thus be fault-tolerant during clock-synchronization failure.…”

Section: Coordination In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the notion of QoT, [1] also introduced a reference QoT Architecture along with its corresponding LAN-scale implementation, called the QoT Stack for Linux. The QoT Stack features a kernel-module-based implementation and introduces a preliminary prototype to demonstrate the benefits of exposing time as a first-class entity to applications.…”

Section: Coordination In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such scenarios, the use of OS-level virtualization technologies like containerization [20] simplifies the deployment and life-cycle management of distributed applications. Thus, Quartz builds on the QoT Architecture [1] for providing Time-as-a-Service (TaaS) to containerized applications. Quartz features a distributed modular architecture, and is implemented using containerized micro-services, making it easy to deploy and use across a range of platforms.…”

Section: Coordination In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the kernel-space QoT Stack [1] which operated at LAN-scale, Quartz overcomes the scalability and portability issues by featuring a fully user-space implementation which (i) supports multi-tenancy, (ii) operates at geo-distributed (WAN)-scale, and (iii) is portable to an array of application domains and platforms. Quartz also provides an API for distributed coordination based on the timeline abstraction [1], and allows distributed application components to specify their required QoT. Based on these requirements, Quartz orchestrates the underlying system and clock-synchronization protocols to meet these application-specific requirements, and feeds back the delivered QoT back to the application.…”

Section: Coordination In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quartz

D'souza

Koehler

Joshi

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing

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Geo-distributed systems ranging from databases to cyberphysical applications increasingly rely on a shared and precise notion of time to achieve coordination. This is especially true for cyber-physical applications ranging from local-scale robotic-coordination and city-scale traffic management to regional/planetary-scale smart grids. Each of these applications utilizes event orderings and timing offsets to make real-time decisions, so as to perform coordinated action at their distributed endpoints. The emergence of edge computing, specifically to facilitate low-latency decision-making, is leveraging the trend where multiple cyber-physical and software applications with different timing requirements will coexist in both the cloud and at the edge. To enable such fault-tolerant time-based coordinated applications running on multi-tenant geo-scale infrastructure, we introduce the Quartz framework, which exposes Time-as-a-Service. Quartz allows geo-distributed application components to each specify its timing requirements, while it autonomously orchestrates the underlying infrastructure to meet them. Centered around a shared virtualized notion of time, based on the timeline abstraction [1], Quartz provides an API which makes it easy to develop time-based geo-distributed applications. Using this API, Quartz feeds back the timing uncertainty, i.e., the delivered Quality of Time (QoT) [1] back to each application, enabling it to be fault-tolerant in the face of clock-synchronization failure. Quartz is designed for containerized applications, features a distributed architecture and is implemented using containerized micro-services. Experimental evaluations on real-world embedded, edge and cloud platforms highlight the performance and scalability of our architecture.

show abstract

Section: Coordination In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coordination In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coordination In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coordination In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quartz

D'souza

Koehler

Joshi

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since distributing a single clock to all devices in a network is resource-consuming, thus hardly feasible especially with wireless connections, it is not surprising that clock synchronization is a very relevant and well studied topic, that dates back to the dawn of computing systems [19], [11], but where innovations are still being introduced nowadays [21], [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jitter-Compensated VHT and Its Application to WSN Clock Synchronization

Terraneo¹,

Riccardi²,

Leva³

2017

2017 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS)

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Abstract-Accurate and energy-efficient clock synchronization is an enabler for many applications of Wireless Sensor Networks. A fine-grained synchronization is beneficial both at the system level, for example to favor deterministic radio protocols, and at the application level, when network-wide event timestamping is required. However, there is a tradeoff between the resolution of a WSN node's timekeeping device and its energy consumption. The Virtual High-resolution Timer (VHT) is an innovative solution, that was proposed to overcome this tradeoff. It combines a high-resolution oscillator to a lowpower one, turning off the former when not needed. In this paper we improve VHT by first identifying the jitter of the low-power oscillator as the current limit to the technique, and then proposing an enhanced solution that synchronizes the fast and the slow clock, rejecting the said jitter. The improved VHT is also less demanding than the original technique in terms of hardware resources. Experimental results show the achieved advantages in terms of accuracy.

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Concurrency and Synchronization in Structured Cyber Physical Systems

Grover

Garimella

2018

Cyber-Physical Systems: Architecture, Security and Application

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Timeline: An Operating System Abstraction for Time-Aware Applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Quartz

Quartz

Jitter-Compensated VHT and Its Application to WSN Clock Synchronization

Concurrency and Synchronization in Structured Cyber Physical Systems

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