Geo-distributed systems ranging from databases to cyberphysical applications increasingly rely on a shared and precise notion of time to achieve coordination. This is especially true for cyber-physical applications ranging from local-scale robotic-coordination and city-scale traffic management to regional/planetary-scale smart grids. Each of these applications utilizes event orderings and timing offsets to make real-time decisions, so as to perform coordinated action at their distributed endpoints. The emergence of edge computing, specifically to facilitate low-latency decision-making, is leveraging the trend where multiple cyber-physical and software applications with different timing requirements will coexist in both the cloud and at the edge. To enable such fault-tolerant time-based coordinated applications running on multi-tenant geo-scale infrastructure, we introduce the Quartz framework, which exposes Time-as-a-Service. Quartz allows geo-distributed application components to each specify its timing requirements, while it autonomously orchestrates the underlying infrastructure to meet them. Centered around a shared virtualized notion of time, based on the timeline abstraction [1], Quartz provides an API which makes it easy to develop time-based geo-distributed applications. Using this API, Quartz feeds back the timing uncertainty, i.e., the delivered Quality of Time (QoT) [1] back to each application, enabling it to be fault-tolerant in the face of clock-synchronization failure. Quartz is designed for containerized applications, features a distributed architecture and is implemented using containerized micro-services. Experimental evaluations on real-world embedded, edge and cloud platforms highlight the performance and scalability of our architecture.
In the current competitive scenario after globalization, product development process is a very challenging task as it depends on various factors from Customers says to Government policies. Today’s customer is technically smart and well aware about the quality of the product. Even just a word about customer dissatisfaction is sufficient to defame the brand image of the product in the market. To avoid such circumstances, it is essential to excercise scientific techniques of product development, so that manufacturers can concentrate on product quality, customer satisfaction, etc. To fulfill the requirements of the manufacturer regarding product development various approach to new product development like Lean product development, Spiral product development, agile product development have been developed by the researchers and the industrial experts. The Generic product development process is a very simple approach in the above-mentioned methodologies. This article discusses the development of butter spreader by using Generic product development process. However, in the initial phase the work is limited up to the overall design of the product.
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