Three low-energy particle events: Modeling the influence of the parent interplanetary shock

Heras, A. M.; Sanahuja, B.; Lario, D.; Smith, Z.; Detman, T.; Dryer, M.

doi:10.1086/175714

Cited by 108 publications

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“…As in the works of Heras et al (1995) and Lario et al (1998), along with the position of the cobpoint, the extraction procedure also outputs the values of the following ratios computed along the radial direction through the cobpoint:…”

Section: Evolution Of the Plasma Parameters At The Cobpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(12) stems from the experience obtained since the first SaP models (i.e. Heras et al 1995;Lario et al 1998). …”

Section: Evolution Of the Plasma Parameters At The Cobpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accelerated particles travel along the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and are finally detected by space-based observatories as an SEP event. The plasma conditions at the IP shock front are known to be fundamental in determining the resulting characteristics of the energetic particle population (e.g., Bell 1978;Lee 1983aLee , 1983bLee , 2005Heras et al 1995;Zank et al 2000;Vainio & Laitinen 2007). In order to be able to test current models -a crucial step for constructing tools for predicting fluences and peak fluxes of SEP events -the plasma conditions at the propagating shock front need to be determined (e.g., Cane & Lario 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compound ''Shock-and-Particle'' model (SaP;Lario et al 1998) combines an MHD simulation of the propagation of a CME-driven shock and a simulation of the transport of particles along IMF lines via the concept of the cobpoint (Connecting with the OBsever POINT, Heras et al 1995). The cobpoint is the point at the shock front that is magnetically connected to the observer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sun-to-Earth MHD modelling of the solar wind and CME-driven shock Similar to our previous work (i.e. Heras et al 1995;Lario et al 1998;Aran et al 2007Aran et al , 2011Rodríguez-Gasén 2011), we employ 2D magnetohydrodynamic simulations in order to model the evolution of CME-driven shocks from the Sun to the Earth in the ecliptic plane. The equations used are those of ideal MHD augmented with momentum and energy sources describing gravity and a parametrized coronal heating term, and can be written (in SI units) as the set of equations:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling large solar proton events with the shock-and-particle model

Pomoell

Aran

Jacobs

et al. 2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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We have developed a new version of a model that combines a two-dimensional Sun-to-Earth magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the propagation of a CME-driven shock and a simulation of the transport of particles along the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) line connecting the shock front and the observer. We assume that the shock-accelerated particles are injected at the point along the shock front that intersects this IMF line, i.e. at the cobpoint. Novel features of the model are an improved solar wind model and an enhanced fully automated algorithm to extract the necessary plasma characteristics from the shock simulation. In this work, the new algorithms have been employed to simulate the 2000 April 4 and the 2006 December 13 SEP events. In addition to quantifying the performance of the new model with respect to results obtained using previous versions of the shock-and-particle model, we investigate the semi-empirical relation between the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles, Q, and the jump in speed across the shock, VR, known as the Q(VR) relation. Our results show that while the magnetic field and density compression at the shock front is markedly different than in our previous modeling, the evolution of VR remains largely similar. As a result, we confirm that a simple relation can still be established between Q and VR, which enables the computation of synthetic intensity-time profiles at any location in interplanetary space. Furthermore, the new shock extraction tool is found to yield improved results being in general more robust. These results are important not only with regard to efforts to develop coupled magnetohydrodynamic and particle simulation models, but also to improve space weather related software tools that aim to predict the peak intensities, fluences and proton intensity-time profiles of SEP events (such as the SOLPENCO tool).

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Section: Evolution Of the Plasma Parameters At The Cobpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(12) stems from the experience obtained since the first SaP models (i.e. Heras et al 1995;Lario et al 1998). …”

Section: Evolution Of the Plasma Parameters At The Cobpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling large solar proton events with the shock-and-particle model

Pomoell

Aran

Jacobs

et al. 2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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SEPEM: A tool for statistical modeling the solar energetic particle environment

et al. 2015

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Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are a serious radiation hazard for spacecraft as well as a severe health risk to humans traveling in space. Indeed, accurate modeling of the SEP environment constitutes a priority requirement for astrophysics and solar system missions and for human exploration in space. The European Space Agency's Solar Energetic Particle Environment Modelling (SEPEM) application server is a World Wide Web interface to a complete set of cross-calibrated data ranging from 1973 to 2013 as well as new SEP engineering models and tools. Both statistical and physical modeling techniques have been included, in order to cover the environment not only at 1 AU but also in the inner heliosphere ranging from 0.2 AU to 1.6 AU using a newly developed physics-based shock-and-particle model to simulate particle flux profiles of gradual SEP events. With SEPEM, SEP peak flux and integrated fluence statistics can be studied, as well as durations of high SEP flux periods. Furthermore, effects tools are also included to allow calculation of single event upset rate and radiation doses for a variety of engineering scenarios.Charged particle radiation is one of the main issues currently being discussed in regard to sending humans on long-term interplanetary missions (e.g., return trip to Mars) [Cucinotta et al., 2010]. It is well known that the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux in the solar system is modulated by solar activity, and as a first approximation, the GCR background intensity can be said to be slowly varying and therefore predictable over short CROSBY ET AL.STATISTICAL MODELING: SEP ENVIRONMENT 406 PUBLICATIONS Space Weather

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An Introduction to Theory and Models of CMEs, Shocks, and Solar Energetic Particles

Mikić¹,

Lee²

2006

Space Sciences Series of ISSI

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Three low-energy particle events: Modeling the influence of the parent interplanetary shock

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

Modelling large solar proton events with the shock-and-particle model

Modelling large solar proton events with the shock-and-particle model

SEPEM: A tool for statistical modeling the solar energetic particle environment

An Introduction to Theory and Models of CMEs, Shocks, and Solar Energetic Particles

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