Thermal degradation study of intumescent flame retardants by TG and FTIR: Melamine phosphate and its mixture with pentaerythritol

Wang, Zhengzhou; Lv, Pin; Hu, Yuan; Hu, Keliang

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2009.06.007

Cited by 160 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2) between APP and PER (Xia et al 2014). With more PER incorporation, WPCs exhibited slightly lower Tmax1, which could be attributed to the comparatively lower decomposition temperature of PER (about 200 o C) (Camino et al 1984a;Wang et al 2009). Therefore, the more PER added to the WPCs, the comparatively lower the Tmax1 was.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Pentaerythritol on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite System

Wang¹,

Peng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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Intumescent, flame-retarding wood-flour/polypropylene composites (WPCs) having different ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol (APP/PER) ratios (4/1, 3/1, and 2/1) were prepared in this study. The thermal degradation behavior, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the composites were tested. Moreover, the residues of the WPCs were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the flame retardancy mechanism was investigated. The results showed that WPC/APP/PER exhibited higher thermal stability in the high temperature region and left much more char residue than WPC/APP, according to thermogravimetric analysis. Limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry tests showed that the addition of PER improved the flame retardancy of the WPCs, especially when APP/PER ratio was 3/1. However, because of the poor compatibility with the composite matrix and uneven dispersion in the WPCs, the incorporation of PER decreased the mechanical performance of WPCs obviously.

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Section: Thermal Degradation Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Pentaerythritol on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite System

Wang¹,

Peng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…Different thermal decomposition behaviors can clearly be observed between ALA within the interlayer space of Na-Mt and pure ALA. From Figs. 4c and 6, the characteristic bands for water, CO 2 (2359 and 2323 cm −1 ), aliphatic hydrocarbon (2966-2876 cm −1 , 1460 cm −1 , and 1382 cm −1 ), and NH 3 (1625, 966, and 929 cm −1 ) can be easily identified Wang et al, 2009). The characteristic bands at 3736, 2359, 2937, and 965 cm −1 were chosen to represent water, CO 2 , hydrocarbons, and NH 3 , respectively, to study the distribution of gaseous products with the increase of temperature.…”

Section: Evolved Gas Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation of organic matter in the interlayer clay–organic complex: A TG-FTIR study on a montmorillonite/12-aminolauric acid system

Liu

Yuan

Qin

et al. 2013

Applied Clay Science

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“…[33][34][35] When the temperature increases to 450 8C, new peaks at 905 and 501 cm 21 due to the stretching vibration of PAOAP bond and the bending vibration of OAPAO bond, respectively, appear, indicating that polyphosphoric acid is formed by the dehydration of PAOH bond. 33,36 In the case of AP, the absorptions at 3000 to 2800 cm 21 in the spectrum at 25 8C are assigned to the stretching vibrations of ACH 3 and ACH 2 A groups, and several peaks at 1198 cm 21 (P@O), 1052, 1022 cm 21 (PAOAC), and 979 cm 21 (PAO) are also identified. At 300 8C, it is obvious that the absorptions due to 35,37 This can be regarded as an indirect sign that ethanol is generated and released into the gas phase during the early degradation of AP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant properties and mechanisms of epoxy thermosets modified with two phosphorus‐containing phenolic amines

Wang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two phosphorus-containing phenolic amines, a 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based derivative (DAP) by covalently bonding DOPO and imine (SB) obtained from the condensation of p-phenylenediamine with salicylaldehyde, and its analog (AP) via the addition reaction between diethyl phosphite and SB, were used to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins. The burning behaviors and dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy thermosets were studied by limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL-94 test, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The flame-retardant mechanisms of modified thermosets were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, Py-GC/MS, Fourier transform infrared, SEM, elemental analysis, and laser Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that epoxy thermoset modified with DAP displayed the blowing-out effect during UL-94 test. With the incorporation of 10 wt % DAP, the modified thermoset showed an LOI value of 36.1% and V-0 rating in UL-94 test. The flame-retardant mechanism was ascribed to the quenching and diluting effect in the gas phase and the formation of phosphorus-rich char layers in the condensed phase. However, the thermoset modified with 10 wt % AP only showed an LOI value of 25.7% and no rating in UL-94 test, which was possibly ascribed to the mismatching of charring process with gas emission process during combustion. V C 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43953.

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Thermal degradation study of intumescent flame retardants by TG and FTIR: Melamine phosphate and its mixture with pentaerythritol

Cited by 160 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Pentaerythritol on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite System

Effect of Pentaerythritol on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite System

Thermal degradation of organic matter in the interlayer clay–organic complex: A TG-FTIR study on a montmorillonite/12-aminolauric acid system

Flame‐retardant properties and mechanisms of epoxy thermosets modified with two phosphorus‐containing phenolic amines

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