Effect of Pentaerythritol on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite System

Wang, Wen; Peng, Yao; Zhang, Wei; Li, Jianzhang

doi:10.15376/biores.10.4.6917-6927

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…IFR is mainly composed of a carbon source, acid, and gas. The carbon source is rich in hydroxyl groups, such as pentaerythritol (PER) [3,4]. However, the traditional carbon source exists in defects of low molecular weight, which could migrate easily to deteriorate the mechanical properties of a polymer [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Carbon Microspheres-Based Silane Melamine Phosphate Hybrids for Flame Retardant Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)

et al. 2019

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To improve the flame retardancy and inhibit the smoke of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), carbon microspheres (CMSs)-based melamine phosphate (MP) hybrids (MP-CMSs) were constructed in situ with the introduction of CMSs into the hydrothermal reaction system of MP. The integrated MP-CMSs were modified by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) to obtain the silane MP-CMSs (SiMP-CMSs) to strengthen the interface binding between the MP-CMSs and PET matrix. The results showed that the SiMP layer was loaded on the CMSs surface. The addition of only 3% SiMP-CMSs increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the PET from 21% ± 0.1% to 27.7% ± 0.3%, reaching a V-0 burning rate. The SiMP-CMSs not only reduced heat damage, but also inhibited the smoke release during PET combustion, whereupon the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) reduced from 513.2 to 221.7 kW/m2, and the smoke parameters (SP) decreased from 229830.2 to 81892.3 kW/kg. The fire performance index (FPI) rose from 0.07 m2s/kW to 0.17 m2s/kW, demonstrating the lower fire risk. The proportion of the flame-retardant mode in the physical barrier, flame inhibition, and char effects were recorded as 44.53%, 19.04%, and 9.04%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Carbon Microspheres-Based Silane Melamine Phosphate Hybrids for Flame Retardant Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)

et al. 2019

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“…The flammability of different phosphorus‐based flame‐retardant systems and expandable graphite (EG) in PP was investigated, also with pretreated wood WPC, and the best results were achieved with multicomponent mixtures. The fire behavior of WPC containing intumescent flame‐retardant mixtures with APP and different char‐forming agents was studied . These systems show beneficial fire properties under forced flaming conditions due to residue stabilization through esterification reactions between the phosphoric acid liberated upon APP decomposition and the cellulosic ─OH groups of the wood component .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fire behavior of WPC containing intumescent flame-retardant mixtures with APP and different char-forming agents was studied. [34][35][36][37] These systems show beneficial fire properties under forced flaming conditions due to residue stabilization through esterification reactions between the phosphoric acid liberated upon APP decomposition and the cellulosic ─OH groups of the wood component. 32,35,38,39 Synergy between EG and intumescent flame retardants containing APP and triazine as a char-forming agent in LOI and UL 94 was previously proposed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Routes to halogen‐free flame‐retardant polypropylene wood plastic composites

Yin

Sypaseuth

Schubert

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Developing halogen‐free flame retardants with reasonably high efficiency, which thus function at limited loadings in polypropylene‐based wood/plastic composites (WPC), is still a challenge. Cost‐effective flame‐retarded WPC have been identified as a way to open the door to an interesting, broader spectrum of application in the building and transportation sectors. This work imparts a systematic comprehensive understanding and assessment of different basic routes to halogen‐free flame‐retarded WPC, taking into account economic and environmental considerations. Cheap, halogen‐free single‐component flame retardants and their multicomponent systems are investigated at reasonable filling grades of 20 wt%. The basic routes of promising synergistic multicomponent systems are discussed, and their potential and limits assessed. Optimizing the consistency of fire residue; closing the surface of inorganic‐organic residual layers; the thermal stabilization and design of the residue, eg, synergistic combination of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite; and the combination of different flame‐retardant mechanisms, eg, intumescence and flame inhibition, are proposed as promising routes to boost the flame‐retardant efficiency.

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“…e earliest IFR system, consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), and melamine (MEL), has been systematically studied by Camino and coworkers [21][22][23][24]. However, the low water resistance of PER, due to its four hydroxyl groups, leads to a severe deterioration of the flame retardancy [25][26][27][28]. In 1960s, Verkade et al firstly synthesized 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethy1-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (PEPA) [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Pentaerythrotol and Its Derivatives as Intumescent Flame Retardants for Polypropylene

Huang

Deng

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Hydroquinol bis[di(2,6,7-trioxa-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-1-oxo-4-hydroxylmethyl)]phosphate (PBPP), which contains caged phosphates and benzene groups, was synthesized. The caged phosphate structure of PBPP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR). The experimental results showed that PBPP had better performance than 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethy1-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (PEPA) and pentaerythritol (PER) in water resistance, compatibility with polypropylene (PP), thermal stability, and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant PP (IFR-PP) systems. It was attributed to the symmetrical structure and stereohindrance effect of PBPP. The IFR-PP systems reached UL94 V-0 flammability rating when the minimal addition of IFR with PBPP, PEPA, or PER was 25%, 23%, and 28%, respectively. The flame retardant mechanisms of IFR containing PBPP, PEPA, and PER were investigated by FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PBPP formed a perfect charring layer, with the high carbon content of PBPP helping it form the charring layer more quickly.

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Effect of Pentaerythritol on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite System

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Construction of Carbon Microspheres-Based Silane Melamine Phosphate Hybrids for Flame Retardant Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)

Construction of Carbon Microspheres-Based Silane Melamine Phosphate Hybrids for Flame Retardant Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)

Routes to halogen‐free flame‐retardant polypropylene wood plastic composites

Comparison of Pentaerythrotol and Its Derivatives as Intumescent Flame Retardants for Polypropylene

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