Therapeutic potential of ginger against COVID-19: Is there enough evidence?

Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jafarzadeh, Sara; Nemati, Maryam

doi:10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.10.001

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…In dry ginger, 6-gingerol transformed to 6-shogaol, which is more stable and has more powerful pharmacological effects. Further, 6-shogaol biotransformed to 6-Paradol (Jafarzadeh et al, 2021). The fiery taste of ginger is due to zingerone, the major phytochemical used for medicinal purposes.…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Potential Of Gingermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginger- A Potential Source of Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Compounds

Verma¹,

Bisen²

2022

JFB

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Ginger is traditionally known for its therapeutic and pharmaceutical properties. It has been used widely to treat various health problems such as high blood pressure, coughs, colds, swelling, nausea, rheumatic disorders, vomiting, bronchitis, indigestion, gastric ulcers, and behavioral problems. Shogaol and Gingerol are anti-inflammatory, anti-fever, anti-pain, and anti-cough compounds that may help treat a cold. This review provides an up-to-date understanding of the impact of ginger and its active compounds on human health. Various ginger compounds such as gingerol, shogaols, zingiberene, zingerone, paradols and zingerone are receiving attention for their clinical applications and pharmaceutical properties. Studies indicate that ginger is anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, antiemetic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective. During the inflammatory response, ginger inhibits (NF-κB) and immune system activation in addition to many other cellular processes. Ginger has shown benefits in preclinical and clinical studies for neurology, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These findings indicate the necessity for further in vivo and clinical studies.

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Section: Pharmaceutical Potential Of Gingermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginger- A Potential Source of Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Compounds

Verma¹,

Bisen²

2022

JFB

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“…In 2019, the amount of ginger produced worldwide was 4,081,374 tonnes in big contrast with the 1,608,984 tonnes for 2007 (FAOSTAT 2021). During the last two years in the midst of a global pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) the use of various herbal products with ginger rhizome as active ingredient increased even more because of its pronounced antiviral properties (Jafarzadeh et al 2021). Currently ginger is referred as promising herbal medicine useful to relieve symptoms related to upper respiratory conditions, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome) through its anti-inflammatory effect and immune response improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the microscopic identification of Zingiber officinale

Gavin¹,

Gavrilov²,

Trifonova³

2022

PHAR

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Zingiber officinale Roscoe has a very long history of use throughout the world, both as a spice and as a medicinal plant. During the last two years in the midst of a global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 the use of various herbal products with ginger rhizome as active ingredient increased because of its numerous health beneficial properties. A detailed characteristic of the crude powdered drug is presented by microscopic photographs for the first time. Although the structure of ginger rhizome is relatively simple and well-studied, the presented results in combination with the detailed analysis of the literature provide additional insight to the pharmacopoeial guidelines for the identification of ginger powder.

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“…Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has extremely infected many people and resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic (Cucinotta and Vanelli 2020 ). It has been established that SARS-CoV-2 invades several organs, including the lungs, gut, heart, testis, kidneys, bladder, esophagus, liver, and brain, since various cells and tissues types express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor (ACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) (Jafarzadeh et al 2021a , b ; Sharif-zak et al 2022 ). COVID-19 has numerous consequences ranging from minor to severe and possible mortality in severe cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to World Health Organization (WHO), four severity stages for COVID-19 patients are defined as mild, moderate, severe, and critical concerning symptoms (Table 1 ). The classification is based on common, less common, and serious symptoms of patients (Jafarzadeh et al 2021a , b ). Most COVID-19 cases are mild, and the clinical manifestations emerge after a five-day latent period (Organization 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%