Background: Jatropha curcas is one of the most suitable plants which seeds are nonedible in nature but rich in oil. Around 350 oil bearing crops are found suitable as potential alternative fuels for diesel engine. Non-edible crop Jatropha curcas has been identified by many experts for biodiesel production in many countries like India. Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the composition of Jatropha curcas oil and its relation with engine parameters. This research covers selected aspects of physical and chemical relation of fatty acid composition of Jatropha curcas oil and its fuel properties. Methods: A gas-chromatograph with high resolution mass spectrometer was used to determine the free fatty acid composition of the Jatropha curcas oil sample. The column length, diameter and thickness were 30m, 0.25mm and 0.25μm respectively. Helium gas was used as carrier gas, column flow of 1.80 mL/min for the GC. Results: The major fatty acids found in Jatropha curcas crude oil were the oleic (3.81%), linoleic (50%), palmitic fatty (35.66%) acid. Some physical and chemical characteristics have been evaluated and found suitable for the application in engine. Oxidation stability oxidizability and cetane number has been calculated as 4.949, 1.076 and found 55.856. Conclusion: The physical and chemical properties of Jatropha crude oil are similar to the biodiesel except the viscosity; therefore, further processing is required. The fuel properties of Jatropha Curcas oil based biodiesel were found to be within the limits of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications for biodiesel and diesel fuel.
Ginger is traditionally known for its therapeutic and pharmaceutical properties. It has been used widely to treat various health problems such as high blood pressure, coughs, colds, swelling, nausea, rheumatic disorders, vomiting, bronchitis, indigestion, gastric ulcers, and behavioral problems. Shogaol and Gingerol are anti-inflammatory, anti-fever, anti-pain, and anti-cough compounds that may help treat a cold. This review provides an up-to-date understanding of the impact of ginger and its active compounds on human health. Various ginger compounds such as gingerol, shogaols, zingiberene, zingerone, paradols and zingerone are receiving attention for their clinical applications and pharmaceutical properties. Studies indicate that ginger is anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, antiemetic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective. During the inflammatory response, ginger inhibits (NF-κB) and immune system activation in addition to many other cellular processes. Ginger has shown benefits in preclinical and clinical studies for neurology, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These findings indicate the necessity for further in vivo and clinical studies.
Introduction: Many environmental risk factors are associated with some form of chronic inflammation. The spread of COVID-19 across the world has impacted every one of us. The first case of coronavirus was reported on 30 January 2020 in India originating from China. Study Area: India has a tremendous capacity to deal with the coronavirus outbreak because of its high immunity and climatic conditions. Maintaining social distancing and hand washing is not a sufficient step for preventing COVID-19. Indian system of traditional medicine has a potential worth to enhance immunity, which can resist a novel coronavirus. Material & Methods: A detailed study was carried out by analyzing national and international scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, Mendeley), thesis, and recognized books. Only Indian herbs with high immunity resistant power were analyzed. Epidemiologic studies with information on COVID-19 risk factors and precautions also considered for study purposes. Results: Some herbs like Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice), Curcuma domestica Vahl (Turmeric), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Cinnamon (Dalchini), Shoot of Triticumaestivum Linn. (Wheatgrass), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), can help in boosting immunity for COVID-19 disease. Discussion: Despite the shreds of evidence for the efficacy of these herbs in treating coronavirus induced infections; the proper dose with ideal timing for such interventions needs to verify in clinical trials. Researchers must have to take the privilege to explore the potential of herbs to reduce such epidemics of environmental threats.
Background: India has enormous potential of medicinal and herbal plants but the knowledge of herbs and its uses are not fully explored. Chlorophytum borivilianum (family: Lilliaceae) is one of highest valued medicinal plant found in the Indian forest. Traditionally it is used after delivery by the females in different composition in the form of “Laddoos". Objective: This study reviewed the nutritional and medicinal applications of Chlorophytum borivilianum properties with current status and future possibilities. Chlorophytum borivilianum is a well known tonic and an aphrodiasic drug extensively used in Ayurvedic medicines. The main source is from forest area, efforts are made for its cultivation to fulfill the growing demand. Methods: A detailed study was carried out by analyzing national and international scientific data base like pub med, SciFinder, Scopus and web of science, thesis and recognized books. Researcher itself cultivated Chlorophytum borivilianum in his farm during the period of 2000-2008. Result: Chlorophytum borivilianum roots are used for the preparation of nutritional tonic used in general sexual weakness. It has large and consistent demand in the national and international market. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic value of Chlorophytum borivilianum is due to specific constituent i.e. saponins of secondary metabolites presence. Recent studies of Chlorophytum borivilianum have identified a wide range of pharmacological application, most importantly aphrodisiac, immunemodulatory and anticancer activities [63]. Conclusion: Some of the barriers are observed like lack of research and development on high-yielding varieties, quality control and products and process development. The difficulties in marketing, unestablished local market for primary processed products, unskilled human power and equipments, knowhow latest technologies and market information are the major constrained observed in promotion of Chlorophytum borivilianum.
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