The value orientation approach to understanding culture

Watkins, Leah; Gnoth, Juergen

doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.003

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, Hofstede's (1980) four value dimensions remain widely applied as a tool to evaluate cultural values. Yet, Hofstede's conceptualisation of personal values is criticised for its etic perspective and, for instance, the use of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's (1961) value orientation framework has instead been suggested for its more emic approach (see Watkins & Gnoth, 2011a). Also, applications of 'non-Western' scales such as the Chinese Value Survey (Wong & Lau, 2001) remain exceptions in understanding the values of tourists from emerging markets.…”

Section: Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, found more differences than similarities in the behavioural patterns of Korean and Japanese tourists in Guam. Whilst many studies (Crotts & Litvin, 2003;Money & Crotts, 2003) rely on the etic framework of Hofstede's (1980) cultural value dimensions to investigate cross-cultural differences in tourist CB, Watkins and Gnoth (2011a) instead argue for a more emic approach, that of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's (1961) value orientation theory, which does not force respondents to express their values within a restricted provided set.…”

Section: Cross-cultural Issues In Emerging Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities

Cohen

Prayag

Moital

2013

Current Issues in Tourism

554

333

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Although consumer behaviour (CB) is one of the most researched areas in the field of tourism, few extensive reviews of the body of knowledge in this area exist. This review article examines what we argue are the key concepts, external influences and opportune research contexts in contemporary tourism CB research. Using a narrative review, we examine the CB literature published in three major tourism journals from 2000 to 2012. Of 519 articles identified and reviewed, 191 are included in this article. We examine the development of and scope for future research on nine key concepts, including decision-making, values, motivations, self-concept and personality, expectations, attitudes, perceptions, satisfaction, trust and loyalty. We then examine three important external influences on tourism behaviour, technology, Generation Y and the rise in concern over ethical consumption. Finally, we identify and discuss five research contexts that represent major areas for future scholarship: group and joint decision-making, under-researched segments, cross-cultural issues in emerging markets, emotions and consumer misbehaviour. Our examination of key research gaps is concluded by arguing that the hedonic and affective aspects of CB research in tourism must be brought to bear on the wider CB and marketing literature.Keywords: consumption; travel; behaviour; marketing; research agenda Introduction Consumer behaviour (CB) involves certain decisions, activities, ideas or experiences that satisfy consumer needs and wants (Solomon, 1996). It is 'concerned with all activities directly involved in obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services, including the decision processes that precede and follow these actions' (Engel, Blackwell, & Miniard, 1995, p. 4). CB remains one of the most researched areas in the marketing and tourism fields, with the terms 'travel behaviour' or 'tourist behaviour' typically used to describe this area of inquiry. Few comprehensive reviews of the literature on CB concepts and models exist in the field of tourism. Exceptions include Moutinho (1993) who reviews the social and psychological influences on individual travel behaviour with the aim of developing a model of tourist behaviour and Dimanche and Havitz (1995) Tourism, 2014 Vol. 17, No. 10, 872 -909, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013 four concepts (ego-involvement, loyalty and commitment, family decision-making and novelty-seeking) in an attempt to methodologically advance CB in tourism studies.A lack of comprehensive reviews is not only due to the extensive breadth of the topic area itself, but also because travel behaviour is generally considered as a continuous process that includes varied yet inter-correlated stages and concepts that cannot always be analysed separately (Mill & Morrison, 2002). Tourism researchers have reviewed individual concepts (e.g. Riley, Niininen, Szivas, & Willis, 2001, on loyalty), specific influences (e.g. Moutinho, 1993, on social influences on CB), and particular research contexts (e.g. Hong, Lee, L...

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Section: Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-cultural Issues In Emerging Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities

Cohen

Prayag

Moital

2013

Current Issues in Tourism

554

333

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Culture has long been regarded as a possible reason to explain why people of different countries make decisions differently (Ng, Lee, & Soutar, 2007). Along with the globalization of tourism economies, national culture has been incorporated as a key variable in an increasing number of tourism researches (refer to Crotts & Pizam, 2003;Fu, Lehto, & Cai, 2012;Watkins & Gnoth, 2011). These studies have attempted to reveal how culture accounts for tourist preferences and behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of cultural distance on international destination choices: The case of Chinese outbound travelers

Lehto

2017

Journal of Tourism Research

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Given the rapid growth of China outbound market, research pertaining to the specificities of this market bears significance to destination marketers and academicians. The focus of this research is on the impact of cultural distance on outbound tourist destination choices with Chinese travelers as the case in point. Based on outbound tourism statistics of China over the 1995-2014 periods, this research has developed an inverted U-curve model to account for the relationship between cultural distance and tourists' destination choice. Results show that the optimal cultural distance for Chinese outbound tourists' destination choice is 2.8757. Through evaluating the positions, potential destinations are located relative to the optimal cultural distance. The preference tourists place on potential destinations can be measured. This research bears valuable theoretical contributions and implications for destination marketing practices.

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“…The author argues that tourist perceptions of cleanliness and dirt can be used to mediate modernity, race, and the authenticity of cultural experiences. Furthermore, Watkins and Gnoth (2011) introduce a value orientation approach to understanding culture in tourism studies.…”

Section: Cultural Representation and Imagementioning

confidence: 99%