Given the rapid growth of China outbound market, research pertaining to the specificities of this market bears significance to destination marketers and academicians. The focus of this research is on the impact of cultural distance on outbound tourist destination choices with Chinese travelers as the case in point. Based on outbound tourism statistics of China over the 1995-2014 periods, this research has developed an inverted U-curve model to account for the relationship between cultural distance and tourists' destination choice. Results show that the optimal cultural distance for Chinese outbound tourists' destination choice is 2.8757. Through evaluating the positions, potential destinations are located relative to the optimal cultural distance. The preference tourists place on potential destinations can be measured. This research bears valuable theoretical contributions and implications for destination marketing practices.
Abstract. Cultural distance is a concept that has been widely accepted in international business. But in tourism research area, it has garnered little attention. This paper tried to map the existing studies of cultural distance in field of tourism and further locate the possible research gaps. Through reviewing the 14 related papers, we summarized the research conditions from perspectives of research themes, research level and measurement of cultural distance. After this, suggestions were provided for future research.
Synergy innovation is one of the emerging processes among global organizations. In the process of synergy innovation, cross-regional governance is very important to realize synergy innovation performance. Governing bodies need to have some abilities, including that providing institutional system in synergy innovation, participating in public Research and Development (R&D), allocating the resources of science and technology innovation. This article constructs the "governance-main body behaviorsynergy innovation performance" three-order model, by using the structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the effect of various governance factors and taking the synergy innovation of science and technology in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei as a case study. The conclusion is that all the identified factors are important for developing and implementing a policy system in synergy innovation, R&D investment, and allocating the resources for science and technology innovation.
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