The use of water-washed neem (<i>Azadirachta indica</i>) seed kernel cake in the feeding of buffalo calves

Agrawal, Dinesh Kumar; Garg, Anil Kumar; Nath, K.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600079545

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Replacement of GNC with UTNSKC had no effect on palatability as is evident from similar intakes of concentrate offered (Table 2). This observation is similar to earlier studies where NSKC (Rajagopal and Nath, 1981), water-washed neem seed kernel cake (WWNSKC) (Agrawal et al, 1987;Nath et al, 1989) and UTNSKC (Reddy, 1992) totally replaced GNC in concentrate mixtures. Lambs offered UTNSKC consumed more hay than those on GNC resulting in higher intake of DM.…”

Section: Digestibility Studysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The depression in digestibility of DM on the ration containing UTNSKC agrees with observations by Agrawal et al (1987) in buffalo calves fed a concentrate mixture containing WWNSKC. However, in other studies, no such depression was observed on feeding a concentrate mixture containing 45% NSKC (Rajagopal and Nath, 1981), 45% WWNSKC (Nath et al, 1983) or 30% UTNSKC (Reddy, 1992).…”

Section: Digestibility Studysupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The results in this study are similar to those of Reddy (1992) who reported a depression of 6.8% in the digestibility of CP in buffalo calves fed UTNSKC. However, in other studies, comparable values were reported on rations containing untreated NSKC (Rajagopal and Nath, 1981) or after water washing (Nath et al, 1983(Nath et al, , 1989Agrawal et al, 1987;Sastry and Agrawal, 1992). Lambs on both rations were in positive N balance.…”

Section: Digestibility Studysupporting

confidence: 76%

“…However, utilisation of N after absorption was not affected by diet differences. In other studies, improved utilisation of N was reported on rations containing WWNSKC because of reduced loss of N in urine (Agrawal et al, 1987;Sastry and Agrawal, 1992).…”

Section: Digestibility Studymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…However, when this cake was fed without any treatment, growth was depressed, despite similar intake of digestible energy (DE) and digestible CP (Rajagopal and Nath, 1981). Consequently, the cake has been treated by various methods, including water washing (Nath et al, 1983;Agrawal et al, 1987), and alkali treatment (Katiyar et al, 1991) to avoid the growth depression effects. However, in anticipation of any side effects which may be associated with residual alkali and dry matter (DM) loss of 22% when alkali treatment is accompanied by water-washing, Reddy (1992) postulated that alkali-treatment could be achieved by urea (3.0%) ammoniation of the cake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urea-treated neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) seed kernel cake as a protein supplement for lambs

Musalia¹,

Anandan²,

Sastry³

et al. 2000

Small Ruminant Research

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The performance of 12 male and 12 female Mandya Â Merino lambs weighing between 5.4 and 12.4 kg was investigated by feeding neem seed kernel cake (NSKC) after treatment with 2.5% urea. Lambs of each sex were allotted randomly to concentrate mixture containing either 30% groundnut cake (GNC) or 33% urea-treated neem seed kernel cake (UTNSKC). Over a period of 182 days the concentrate mixtures fed, to meet 70% of the protein requirements of the lambs, were given with oat hay offered ad libitum. Replacement of GNC by UTNSKC in the concentrate mixture depressed (P < 0.001) the digestibility of dietary dry matter (DM) (69.9 vs. 63.3), crude protein (CP) (71.1 vs. 65.1) and gross energy (69.9 vs. 64.3). Digestibility of ether extract (70.5 vs. 77.6) was increased (P < 0.001) and there was no effect on crude ®bre (41.6 vs. 43.8) digestibility, whereas the daily intake of DM (72.51 vs. 65.77 g/M 0.75) and GE (1.33 vs. 1.21 MJ/M 0.75) were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed UTNSKC, dietary differences had no effect on digestible energy intake and N retention. The rumen liquor from lambs fed UTNSKC had lower concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (P < 0.01), total N (P < 0.01) and ammonia N (P < 0.01) and depressed activities of cellulase (P < 0.05), protease (P < 0.01) and urease (P < 0.01) enzymes. Average daily gains were similar (P > 0.05) in lambs fed UTNSKC (74.0 g) and GNC (80.3 g). More DM (7.08 vs. 8.04 kg kg À1) and CP (1.10 vs. 1.23 kg kg À1) were required for growth on the ration containing UTNSKC. Feeding UTNSKC had no effect on blood pro®le, wool growth and carcass characteristics. Kidneys from animals fed UTNSKC were enlarged (P < 0.05) as compared to those fed GNC. Microcalculi were observed in all lambs fed UTNSKC. The results indicated that feeding UTNSKC depressed the digestibility of nutrients, which was attributed to the low activities of enzymes in the rumen.

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Section: Digestibility Studysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Digestibility Studysupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Digestibility Studysupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Digestibility Studymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urea-treated neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) seed kernel cake as a protein supplement for lambs

Musalia¹,

Anandan²,

Sastry³

et al. 2000

Small Ruminant Research

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Effect of water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes of mixed rumen bacteria from buffalo

et al. 1991

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The eflect of cold and hot water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indicaANeem (Azadirachta indica A Juss) is an important tropical tree which occurs widely in India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and tropical regions of Australia, Africa and the Middle East. Neem seed kernel cake, a byproduct of the neem oil industry, has 35% crude protein (Nath et a1 1983) which can be a very good source of nutrients but for the presence of bitter and/or toxic principles which make it unpalatable and harmful to the health of animals (Bedi et a1 1975; Nath et a1 1978; Rajagopal and Nath 1981). On water washing, the neem seed kernel cake can be made palatable and can be fed to young growing ruminants at a level of 4 M 5 % of the concentrate mixture without any adverse affect for a period of 6 months (Nath et a1 1983; Agarwal et a1 1987). The above studies indicated that some water soluble component in the neem seed kernel cake has a deleterious effect on animal productivity. To understand the toxicity of these water soluble components in more detail, the present experiment was planned to study the effect of hot and cold water extract of neem seed kernel cake on some hydrolytic enzyme activites in the rumen of buffalo.

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Feeding of water washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake to growing goats

Verma

Sastry

Agrawal

1995

Small Ruminant Research

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The use of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake in the feeding of buffalo calves

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Urea-treated neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) seed kernel cake as a protein supplement for lambs

Urea-treated neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) seed kernel cake as a protein supplement for lambs

Effect of water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes of mixed rumen bacteria from buffalo

Feeding of water washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake to growing goats

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