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Twenty male buffalo calves (8-9 months, 112.1 +/- 7.69 kg) were divided into four groups of five animals in each and fed diets without (T1) or supplemented with 0.3 ppm selenium (Se) (T2), 0.3 ppm Se + 10 ppm copper (Cu) (T3), and 10 ppm Cu (T4) for 120 days during which blood samples were collected on day 0, 40, 80, and 120. Concentrations of glucose, total protein, urea, uric acid, and creatinine were similar in all the four groups, but the level of globulin was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in groups T2 and T3, leading to reduced levels of albumin and A:G ratio (P < 0.01) in these groups. The level of different serum enzymes viz. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and hormones viz. T3, T4, testosterone and insulin and T4:T3 ratio were similar (P > 0.05) among the four groups. It was deduced that supplementation of 0.3 ppm Se and/or 10.0 ppm of Cu had no effect on blood metabolic profile in buffalo calves, except for an increased globulin level, indicating improved immunity status of these animals.

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Eighteen male lambs (8-9 months of age, 25.00 +/- 0.90 kg body weight) were divided into three groups of six animals in each and fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing concentrate mixture (30% maize grain, 27% soybean meal, 40% wheat bran, 2% mineral mixture, and 1% common salt) and wheat straw in 65:35 ratio and supplemented with selenium (Se) as sodium selenite at 0 (T1, control), 0.15 (T2), and 0.30 ppm (T3) levels. Experimental feeding was done for a period of 90 days including a 6-day metabolism trial. To assess the growth performance, lambs were weighed every 15 days throughout the experimental period. All the lambs were intramuscularly inoculated with a single dose (2 ml) of haemorrhagic septicaemia oil adjuvant vaccine on 0 day to evaluate the humoral immune response. Blood samples were collected on 0 day and thereafter at 30 days interval. Results revealed that supplementation of Se both at 0.15 and 0.30 ppm levels had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose; balances of calcium and phosphorus; and level and intake of digestible CP and total digestible nutrients. Se supplementation also had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the levels of serum total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, tri-iodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), and T(4)/T(3) ratio; and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase enzyme activity in the lambs. However, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the plasma Se levels, red blood cell glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, and humoral immune response in both the Se-supplemented groups. Feed (TMR) required per kilogram gain was less by 11.1% and 16.5% in groups T2 and T3, respectively, as compared to control (T1) group. Average daily gain was highest (108.5 g) in group T3, followed by group T2 (98.2 g), and lowest (89.06 g) in the control group (T1). These results indicated that supplementation of 0.15 and 0.3 ppm Se in the diet (having 0.19 ppm Se) of lambs significantly improves their immune response and antioxidant status.

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An experiment was conducted on 20 male buffalo calves (average body weight 75.30 ± 2.20 kg) to elucidate the effect of supplemental vitamin E and/or selenium (Se) on their haematology, blood metabolic profi le, serum enzymes and thyroid hormones status. Group I served as control (without any supplementation), groups II, III and IV were supplemented with 0.3 mg Se, 300 IU of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, and both 300 IU DL-α-tocopheryl acetate and 0.3 mg Se, respectively. Animals were fed on wheat straw and concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements. Blood was collected at zero day and subsequently at 45, 90, 135 and 180 days and analysed for haematological parameters, blood chemistry and level of thyroid hormones. Results revealed no signifi cant difference (P>0.05) in haematological parameters (haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell) due to the supplementation of vitamin E ,Se or both vitamin E + Se in buffalo calves. Similarly, the concentration of various blood biochemical components (glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) except high density lipid (HDL) cholesterol was statistically similar in 4 groups. Results revealed signifi cantly (P<0.01) higher concentration (mg/dl) of HDL cholesterol in buffalo calves given Se and Se + vitamin E as compared to control and vitamin E supplemented groups. There was no signifi cant difference in serum enzymes (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) activities due to different treatments. Level of triiodothyronine was signifi cantly (P<0.01) higher in buffalo calves supplemented with selenium, and vitamin E + Se, as compared to non-supplemented control group; whereas concentration of thyroxine (nmol/l) was statistically similar in 4 groups, without showing * This research work was carried out under AP Cess Fund Ad Hoc scheme supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi (India) 1 Corresponding author: e-mail: rsd@ivri.up.nic.in Animal and Feed Sciences, 18, 2009, 241-256 242 VITAMIN E AND SE SUPPLEMENT -THYROID HORMONES IN CALVES any effect of different treatments. It may be concluded that supplementation of Se and vitamin E in the diet of buffalo calves had no benefi cial effect on blood haematology and blood chemistry except an increase in the serum levels of high density lipid cholesterol and triiodothyronine as compared to non-supplemented control buffalo calves. Journal of

Ten isolates of Penicillium marneffei and eight of Pythium insidiosum were tested for their in vitro sensitivity to amphotericin B, hamycin (a polyene heptaene), two water-soluble analogs of amphotericin B and hamycin, namely, JAI-Amb, and JAI-hamycin,5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole,ketoconazole and miconazole. Itraconazole manifested the strongest activity against all of the 10 isolates of P. marneffei and would be the drug of choice in the treatment of penicilliosis due to P. marneffei. The polyene antibiotics amphotericin B and hamycin and their water-soluble analogs showed no appreciable activity against P. insidiosum. Pytium insidiosum isolates were sensitive to fluconazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole. Miconazole exhibited the strongest in vitro activity against all of the 8 isolates of P. insidiosum, followed by ketoconazole.

FUE or follicular unit excision is one of the methods for hair follicle harvesting in hair transplantation. FUE involves harvesting hairs from the donor area, under local anesthesia which is most commonly the scalp but occasionally beard, chest and other parts of the body, using a circular punch less than a mm, mounted on a manual handle or a motorized hand device or more recently a robotic device. First hair transplant was done by Dr Shoji Okuda in 1937. The term “follicular unit extraction” was coined by William Rassman in 2002. The modern era of FUE begins with the work of several surgeons Woods, Rassman, Cole, Harris and Rose. FUE has gone through various stages of development from manual to motorized and blunt to sharp, serrated trumpet and flared punches. Now the use of the robot in FUE with extraction and incision making is also in use. In 2017 nomenclature committee headed by Parsa Mohebi of ISHRS, recommended the term “FOLLICULAR UNIT EXCISION” is most appropriate as it explains the two steps of the process: incision and extraction and incision is done by a physician. FUE is a surgeon based time-consuming procedure with the long learning curve. Use of motorized device and sharp punches has certainly helped to increase speed in an experienced hand. FUE method of hair transplant is the most demanding procedure. If done properly it is a safe procedure. with the experience, use of better quality of instrument the disadvantages of FUE like transection can be reduced. The above informations were collected from various papers published in authentic journals and textbooks.