The use of endemic Iranian plant, Echium amoenum, against the ethyl methanesulfonate and the recovery of mutagenic effects

Abstract

In this study, potential genotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) that caused mutagenicity in a variety of organisms were tried to resolve by the methanol and chloroform extract of Echium amoenum (EAmet and EAchl) Fisch. & C.A. Mey. from the family of Boraginaceae, which is an endemic plant, and is used as an alternative treatment among public in Iran. Somatic mutation and recombination test with Drosophila wing was used to determine the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects in our investigations. For this purpose, 3-day-old transheterozygous larvae of mwh/flr(3) genotype of Drosophila melanogaster were used in all our experiments. The larvae were fed chronically on the Drosophila instant medium (DIM) including 1 ppm EMS. However, in another application group, different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 ppm) of EAmet and EAchl were added to DIM including 1 ppm EMS (EMS + EAmet and EMS + EAchl). Then, for the matured individuals, wing preparates were prepared within the mediums that include control group that has only DIM, negative control group that contains dimethyl sulfoxide and application groups in different concentrations that contain EMS, EMS + EAmet and EMS + EAchl. Clone induction frequency for the normal wing phenotype of EMS application group was observed to be 2.00. In the EMS + EAmet application group, the value of 1 ppm EAmet is 1.49, value of 2 ppm EAmet is 1.08 and value of 4 ppm EAmet is 0.72; in the EMS + EAchl application group, the value of 1 ppm is EAchl 1.33, value of 2 ppm EAchl is 0.67 and value of 4 ppm EAchl is 0.56 were determined. This decrease observed between EMS and all application groups in terms of total induction frequency is statistically significant (p < 0.05). These results concluded that chloroform extracts were more effective than the methanol extracts of E. amoenum.

Mutagenic biomonitoring of pirethroid insecticides in human lymphocyte cultures: Use of micronuclei as biomarkers and recovery byRosa caninaextracts of mutagenic effects

“…Studies which used different plants as curative are available. It was observed in a study by Uysal et al (2012) that the methanol extract of Echium amoenum Fisch. and Mey (Boraginaceae) decreased the genotoxic effects of EMS.…”

Lamiaceae Ailesine ait Bazı Bitki Türlerinin Genotoksik ve Antigenotoksik Etkileri

“…On balancer heterozygous wings (mwh/TM3), only mwh single spots can be observed, as the inverted TM3 balancer chromosome does not carry flr 3 or any other suitable marker mutation. In the mwh/flr 3 flies, mutant clones can be originated by somatic point mutation, chromosome aberration and/or mitotic recombination, whereas in the mwh/TM3 genotype, these last recombinogenic events are suppressed due to the presence of multiple inversions in the TM3 balancer chromosome (Frei et al, 1992;Amkiss et al, 2013;Uysal et al, 2015). All the experiments have been repeated three times and the averages of the the three data points obtained have been reported.…”

Herbal medicine against genotoxicity of dimethoate, an insecticide, in mammalian somatic cells

“…In many studies, it has been determined that insecticides cause genomic instability, which leads to pathological cases and even aging with various diseases including cancer (Soltani et al., 2009). In order to prevent this situation, studies related with the determination of antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancerogenic and even antiaging characteristics of natural compounds originated from plants containing different phytochemicals are being continued (Arora et al., 2002; Simopoulos, 2004; Uysal et al., 2009a, 2015, 2009b; Kızılet et al., 2013; Kasımoğlu and Uysal, 2014). According to Jain et al.…”