Mutagenic biomonitoring of pirethroid insecticides in human lymphocyte cultures: Use of micronuclei as biomarkers and recovery byRosa caninaextracts of mutagenic effects

Abstract

Context: Insecticides are used to control pests. Cypermethrin and fenvalerate are widely used pirethroid insecticides in the world. Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) is used as a traditional medicinal plant against viral infections and disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract due to its high vitamin C level. Objective: The genotoxic effects of cypermethrin and fenvalerate were examined with the micronucleus (MN) test. Then, we determined the ability of the water (RC wtr ) and ethanol (RC eta ) extracts of rosehip (R. canina) to overcome the possible genotoxic effects of the insecticides. Materials and methods: Preliminary studies determined that the application concentrations were 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm for cypermethrin, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm for fenvalerate, and 100 ppm for rosehip extracts. DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide) (1%) and 1 mM EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. The application groups belonging to insecticides and plant extracts were added to culture tubes including chromosome B medium and peripheral blood for MN test. Results: The MN frequencies were found 0.725 in the negative control group, 2.700 in the positive control groups, 1.275 in the highest application group of cypermethrin, and 1.600 in the highest application group of fenvalerate. The MN frequencies in cypermethrin + RC wtr , cypermethrin + RC eta , fenvalerate + RC wtr , and fenvalerate + RC eta application groups were, respectively, determined as 1.000, 1.075, 1.225, and 1.275. Conclusion: According to the results, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have genotoxic effects, the water and ethanol extracts of rosehip reduced the genotoxicity of the both insecticides.

Herbal medicine against genotoxicity of dimethoate, an insecticide, in mammalian somatic cells

“…In addition, it has been shown that profenofos, an organophosphate insecticide, increased the micronucleus frequency in human peripheral lymphocyte cells and decreased the nuclear division index (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 μg/mL) at different concentrations ( Kasımoğlu and Uysal, 2014 ). In another study of antioxidant enzyme levels with chlorpyrifos-ethyl from organophosphate insecticides, it has been found that the paraoxonase activity and total antioxidant levels decreased while the levels of oxidative stress index and total oxidant increased ( Deveci et al., 2015 ).…”

“…Moreover, the other compund, beta carotene in R. canina was shown to decrease the genotoxic effects of doxorubicin in this fruit fly ( Dias et al., 2009 ). It was found that the ethanol and water extracts of R. canina reduced the genetic damages in the human lymphocyte cells induced by cypermethrin and fenvalerate insecticides exposures and in the D. melanogaster induced by EMS exposure ( Kızılet et al., 2013 ; Kasımoğlu and Uysal, 2014 ). Ramos et al.…”

“…In many studies, it has been determined that insecticides cause genomic instability, which leads to pathological cases and even aging with various diseases including cancer ( Soltani et al., 2009 ). In order to prevent this situation, studies related with the determination of antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancerogenic and even antiaging characteristics of natural compounds originated from plants containing different phytochemicals are being continued ( Arora et al., 2002 ; Simopoulos, 2004 ; Uysal et al., 2009a , 2015 , 2009b ; Kızılet et al., 2013 ; Kasımoğlu and Uysal, 2014 ). According to Jain et al.…”

Farklı Test Sistemleri ile Somatik Hücrelerde Profenofos Genotoksisitesine Karşı Kuşburnu (Rosa canina L.) Ekstrelerinin Doğal Bir Antigenotoksik Ajan Olarak Kullanılması

“…Kızılet et al [31], kanat benek testini (SMART) kullanarak yaptıkları çalışmada, kuşburnu etanol ekstresinin etil metansülfonatın (EMS) mutajenik etkilerini azalttığını rapor etmişlerdir. Bir başka çalışmada ise sipermetrin ve fenvalerat insektisitlerinin genotoksik etkileri kuşburnu bitkisine ait ekstreler ile giderilmiştir [32]. Kılıçgün and Dehen [33] in vitro test sistemleri ile kuşburnunun DNA hasarı üzerine koruyucu etkilerini araştırmışlar ve % 3'lük uygulama ile protein oksidasyonu, lipit peroksidasyonu ve DNA hasarının belirgin şekilde inhibe olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.…”

Genoprotective Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Rosa Canina L. Fruits on Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Induced DNA Damage in Drosophila Melanogaster

“…Uysal [28] expressed that both water and ethanol extract of the rosehip removed mutagenic effects of cypermethrin and fenvalerate insecticides in the human peripheral lymphocytes.…”