The use and resistance to antibiotics in the community

Čižman, Milan

doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00394-1

Cited by 137 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Irrational therapy reduced drug benefits and further at risk the possibility of the emergence of side effects and increased costs of health [6] . The number of antibiotic prescriptions allow the isolation and emergence of microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics [7] . Antibiotic prescriptions in paediatric patients is a major concern in terms of public health, because infections are a major cause of illness in children and the number of antibiotic prescriptions in preschool children is one of the three reasons [8] .…”

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Rationality of Antibiotic Usage in Pediatrics in Bengkulu, Indonesia: Gyssens? Criteria and Type of Therapy Analysis

Muslim¹,

Meinisasti²

2016

pharmaceutical-sciences

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Infectious diseases are one of the biggest health problems not only in Indonesia, but also in the whole world. Prescribing antibiotics in Indonesia are quite high and increased the incidence of resistance. This study is aimed to evaluate the rationality of antibiotic use in children at the hospital qualitatively. This research is descriptive analysis of retrospective antibiotic prescribing data in children use a Gyssens' criteria and types of antibiotic therapy. Incidence of infection in children under 12 y of age amounted to 93.2%. The analysis results by using the Gyssens' criteria are obtained category O (rational use) of 32%, V (no indication) of 27.4%, inappropriate dose (IIA) of 0.6%, inappropriate interval (IIB) of 1.7%, duration too short (IIIA) of 2.9%, duration too long (IIIB) of 11.4%, alternative more effective (IVA) of 17.7%, alternative less toxic (IVB) of 2.9%, alternative less cost (IVC) of 2.9% and alternative narrower spectrum (IVD) of 0.6%. The results showed that the grouping of most types of therapy was antimicrobial drugs empiric therapy in 47.4% cases followed successively by antimicrobial drugs unknown therapy 32.6%, antimicrobial drugs documented therapy amounted to 12%, antimicrobial drugs extended empiric therapy amounted to 6.9% and antimicrobial drugs prophylaxis therapy amounted to 1.1%. The use of antibiotics in paediatric patients at the hospital in Bengkulu, Indonesia substantially has been inappropriate based on qualitative analysis. Key words: Antibiotics, paediatric, Gyssens' criteriaInfectious diseases in Indonesia are still among the top ten most prevalent diseases. Most infections, especially in children under 5 y old (toddlers) are acute respiratory tract infections amounted to 18% [1] . The prevalence of respiratory infections and pneumonia are highest in the age group 1-4 years in the population of Indonesia. An antibiotic prescribing in Indonesia is quite high, which might contribute to increase in the incidence of resistance. The impact of antibiotic resistance is increasing the morbidity, mortality and health care costs. In the last decade, many microorganisms showed an increase in the incidence of resistance to standard therapy. It is an estimated worldwide phenomenon caused by misuse and overuse of antibiotics.A study in two major cities in Indonesia (Semarang and Surabaya) found 76% of prescribing antibiotics were intended for groups of paediatric patients. Another report from the city of Denpasar, Indonesia showed that antibiotic prescriptions for children was at a high level of 265 prescriptions (90.4%) out of a total of 293 [2] . In the United States, each year a large number of antibiotic prescriptions are for children and out of those in 50% of the cases, prescribing an antibiotic was not indicated [3] . In Canada, 74% of preschool children were prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of respiratory infections and 85% of these cases got a prescription for an antibiotic, when not needed [4] . Most at risk were young children, teenagers, and those with medical ...

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Rationality of Antibiotic Usage in Pediatrics in Bengkulu, Indonesia: Gyssens? Criteria and Type of Therapy Analysis

Muslim¹,

Meinisasti²

2016

pharmaceutical-sciences

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“…However, studies conducted elsewhere have shown a strong correlation between high antibiotic consumption and the highest rates of selection of resistant organisms at patient, community, region or country level, prompting recommendations for greater controls on antibiotic usage. [34][35][36] One of the objectives of the PROTEKT study was to provide current surveillance data for the ketolide telithromycin at its time of launch into clinical practice and to track its susceptibility with time. Previously reported data from PROTEKT have shown that this ketolide has good in vitro activity against bacterial pathogens implicated in communityacquired RTIs, including S. pneumoniae isolates that are resistant to penicillin, macrolides, and/or fluoroquinolones.…”

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Demographic analysis of antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae: worldwide results from PROTEKT 1999–2000

Hoban

Baquero

Reed³

et al. 2005

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Development of resistance to antibiotics may be due to increasing use of antibiotics for medical and agricultural purposes and there has been a rise in resistance to these drugs [27]. In the present study isolates were more resistant to ampicillin and less resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin.…”

Section: Pneumophilamentioning

confidence: 42%

Isolation and identification of Legionella pneumophila from drinking water in Basra governorate, Iraq

Al-Sulami¹,

Al-Taee²,

Yehyazarian³

2013

East Mediterr Health J

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This study in Iraq investigated the occurrence of Legionella. pneumophila in different drinkingwater sources in Basra governorate as well as the susceptibility of isolates to several antibiotics. A total of 222 water samples were collected in 2008-2009: 49 samples from water purification plants (at entry points, from precipitation tanks, from filtration tanks and at exit points), 127 samples of tap water; and 46 samples from tankers and plants supplying water by reverse osmosis. The findings confirmed the presence of L. pneumophila in sources of crude water, in general drinking water supplies and drinking water tankers. Of 258 isolates 77.1% were serotype 1 and 22.9% serotypes 2-15. All examined isolates displayed drug resistance, particularly to ampicillin, but were 100% susceptible to doxycycline. The prevalence of L. pneumophila, especially serogroup 1, is a strong indicator of unsuitability of drinking water and requires appropriate action.

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The use and resistance to antibiotics in the community

Cited by 137 publications

References 84 publications

Rationality of Antibiotic Usage in Pediatrics in Bengkulu, Indonesia: Gyssens? Criteria and Type of Therapy Analysis

Rationality of Antibiotic Usage in Pediatrics in Bengkulu, Indonesia: Gyssens? Criteria and Type of Therapy Analysis

Demographic analysis of antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae: worldwide results from PROTEKT 1999–2000

Isolation and identification of Legionella pneumophila from drinking water in Basra governorate, Iraq

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