The test of suren (Toona sureni) leaf extract potential as insecticide of grayak caterpillar

Abstract

Noviana E, Sholahuddin, Widadi S. 2012. The test of suren (Toona sureni) leaf extract potential as insecticide of grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) on soybean. Biofarmasi 10: 46-53. Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura F.) is an important pest in the most of food crops (polyphagous). The control of S. litura generally still uses the chemical insecticides that negatively affect the environment and ecosystem. One of the ways of environmentally friendly control was with vegetable insecticides. Suren (Toona sureni Blume) has an opportunity to be used as plant-based insecticide because of the abundant presence. Suren acts as an insect repellent. Suren contains surenone, surenin and surenolactone that act as repellent, growth inhibitor, insecticide and anti-feedant. This study aimed to determine the effect of suren leaf extract on S. litura and soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. This research was conducted in FebruaryMay 2011 at the Laboratory of Plant Pest and Disease and the Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments repeated in three times. Data were analyzed by F-test at 5% of significance level and a Duncan test. Suren leaf was extracted with water then made in concentrations of 50%; 25%; 12.5%; 6.25% and 0%. In the laboratory test, it was used a leaf dip method. The treatment was conducted in the first 24 hours, then it was used the feed without the treatment and observed until the next generation. In the field test, larvae was invested in plants one day before the treatment for an adaptation. Observation was conducted up to seven days after application. The results showed that the application of suren leaf extract up to 50% concentration had not been able to cause the death of S. litura larvae. The suren leaf extract was toxic to S. litura, indicated by the emphasis of eating activity of S. litura, so that the damage caused to be lower and reduced the level of fertility and fecundity so that it could reduce the population of S. litura in the next generation. The application of suren leaf extract in soybean plant by a spray method showed the results that a low concentration extract (6.25%) was more effective to suppress the damage up to 51%. The texture of a high concentration extract was so thick, so that it was unable to spread to the plant parts and formed clumps that fall to the ground, because the leaves were unable to support the fluid clumps of extract. The application of suren leaf extract caused the phytotoxic symptoms in soybean plants with increasing concentration.

Effects of Several Botanical Insecticides Applied in Different Periods to Control Aphids (Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gillete) on Chrysanthemum

“…These indicated that T. sinensis and T. diversifolia more effectively suppressed the aphid attacks on flower organs and reduced petal abnormality that might prevent flower opening. The effectivity of T. sinensis and T. diversifolia as a botanical insecticide was also reported by Kurniawan, Yulani, & Rachmadiarti (2013) to control Plutella xylostella on green mustard, Spodoptera litura on soybean (Noviana et al, 2012), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) on rice (Subandi, Chaidir, & Nurjanah, 2016) and Callosobruchus maculatus on storage of seeds (Pangihutan et al, 2016).…”

Eksplorasi, Identifikasi, dan Bioesai Jamur Entomopatogen terhadap Spodoptera frugiperda dari Kabupaten Purbalingga

“…Pertumbuhan larva secara in vitro ditentukan berdasarkan referensi dari Utami (2010). Daya reproduksi dihitung menggunakan rumus Noviana et al (2012).…”

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“…Pemanfaatan daun suren secara tradisional sebenarnya telah dimanfaatkan petani untuk mengusir serangga. Daun suren juga memiliki kandungan bahan aktif seperti surenon, surenin, surenolakton, sedrelon, dan beberapa karotenoid yang diduga merupakan trans-beta karoten, zeasantin, dan laktukasantin, yang memiliki aroma yang tidak disukai hama sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai repellent (Noviana et al, 2012).…”