The surface tension of the alkali metals

Bohdansky, J.; Schins, H.

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(67)80271-9

Cited by 48 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This type of explanation can also be applied to the improved wetting of Na-K and Na-Rb alloys on BASE (refer to Fig. 1), considering their lower surface tension 31 and larger W adh (Supplementary Table 3). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with sodium (g Na ¼ B150 dyn cm À 1 ), the surface tension of liquid caesium metal is much lower (g Cs ¼ B60 dyn cm À 1 ) in the studied temperature range 31 . The calculated W adh for the caesium/b 00 -alumina system is 121.9 dyn cm À 1 , which is larger than that for the sodium/b 00 -alumina system (65.3 dyn cm À 1 ), based on the stronger interactions between caesium and b 00 -alumina atoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid-metal electrode to enable ultra-low temperature sodium–beta alumina batteries for renewable energy storage

et al. 2014

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Commercial sodium-sulphur or sodium-metal halide batteries typically need an operating temperature of 300-350°C, and one of the reasons is poor wettability of liquid sodium on the surface of beta alumina. Here we report an alloying strategy that can markedly improve the wetting, which allows the batteries to be operated at much lower temperatures. Our combined experimental and computational studies suggest that addition of caesium to sodium can markedly enhance the wettability. Single cells with Na-Cs alloy anodes exhibit great improvement in cycling life over those with pure sodium anodes at 175 and 150°C. The cells show good performance even at as low as 95°C. These results demonstrate that sodium-beta alumina batteries can be operated at much lower temperatures with successfully solving the wetting issue. This work also suggests a strategy to use liquid metals in advanced batteries that can avoid the intrinsic safety issues associated with dendrite formation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-metal electrode to enable ultra-low temperature sodium–beta alumina batteries for renewable energy storage

et al. 2014

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“…was calculated from Mc = Ta 2 2 AHy/4N 0 a, where AHy 1S tne heat of vaporization of sodium (23 7 kcal/mol) and a is the cross-sectional area of a solvent atom on the surface (o"N a -24 8 X 10" 16 cm 2 ) 3 In Johnson and Shuttleworth's model, the cavity term was calculated from Mc = 4ira\y°, where a 2 is the radius of the solute atom (aHe -1 32 X 10~8 cm, aAr = 1 70 X 10" 8 cm) and 7° is the hypothetical surface energy of liquid sodium at 0°K (220 erg/cm 2 ) [25] For the calculation of the vibrational term, the enthalpy and entropy of 1 90 x 10" 3 >1…”

Section: Test Of Existing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of helium and argon in liquid sodium

Veleckis¹,

Dhar²,

Cafasso³

et al. 1971

J. Phys. Chem.

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“…To accelerate the evacuation of this Ar gas, we Table 3 Time-averaged thickness, mean wave amplitude, and maximum wave amplitude in mm for Li target at beam center [6]. 10 attempted to vary the Li flow as shown by the arrows in Fig. 3a.…”

Section: Stage (Vi) Degas During Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%