The role of intrahousehold contact in the transmission of leprosy

George, K. C.; John, Kevin John; Muliyil, Jaya Prakash; Joseph, Anu

doi:10.5935/0305-7518.19900007

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In India, George and collaborators [25] found a risk factor of 2.5 in a case-control study in an exposed group compared to those in an unexposed group. A much higher risk factor of 6 was observed among contact and control subjects in our study suggesting that there is a high level of transmission of leprosy among the contact subjects.…”

Section: Optical Density Among the Leprosy Patients Their Contacts Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Surveillance of Leprosy in Cameroon Using the ELISA Test with D-BSA and Tris-HCl as Buffer

Nsagha¹,

Bamgboye²,

Ls³

et al. 2014

AJEID

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Background: Early detection of leprosy is important for elimination, but most cases are diagnosed only when lesions occur and nerves and skin are damaged. The determination of the risk of contacts to develop leprosy is still unpredictable, and elimination is not possible as long as contacts can still develop the disease. Methods: A modified PGL-I ELISA using tris-HCl as buffer and D-BSA as antigen evaluated IgM leprosy antibodies for the detection of subclinical leprosy infection and monitor effective chemotherapy. This case-control study took place in a leprosy endemic area among lepers diagnosed clinically and bacteriologically, intra-familial and extra-familial contacts and controls consisting of patients attending a health facility for reasons other than leprosy. Results: The highest mean absorbance of positive sera was from leprosy patients (0.14 ± 0.06), contacts (0.12 ± 0.05) and controls (0.04±0.04). The proportion of sero-positive subjects for IgM anti-bodies to M. leprae was 43.5 % (95% CI: 37.6% -49.4%). Twenty-three (44.2%) discharged cases since 1985 were still sero-positive for leprosy IgM anti-bodies; 15 years after treatment. We found a risk factor of 6 among contacts and controls suggesting a high level of transmission. Boyo division had a higher seropositivity (51.5%) compared to Mezam division (30%). Positive cases were clustered among students (44.8%), farmers (42.5%), the self-employed (44.7%), those with paid employment (37.5%) and the unemployed (60.0%) (P=0.01). Conclusion: The PGL-I ELISA with D-BSA and tris-HCl as buffer is a useful epidemiological surveillance tool for the detection of sub-clinical leprosy infection and chemotherapy monitoring. The discharged patients who tested positive should be re-evaluated for relapses.

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Section: Optical Density Among the Leprosy Patients Their Contacts Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Surveillance of Leprosy in Cameroon Using the ELISA Test with D-BSA and Tris-HCl as Buffer

Nsagha¹,

Bamgboye²,

Ls³

et al. 2014

AJEID

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“…Selective Special Drive (SSD) is one of the four components of LEAP. [4][5][6] Its primary thrust is to create a chain of leprosy spokespersons in the community. The emphasis is on house to house IEC campaign with the involvement of the community, in partnership with NGOs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of special awareness campaigns in sustaining leprosy awareness through community participation in rural areas of Maharashtra

Rokade¹,

Prabhavalkar²

2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: ALERT-INDIA had launched a strategic programme, leprosy elimination action programme (LEAP) involving all stakeholders, in support of integration of leprosy into general health system. Present study was performed with objectives to understand the effect of focused IEC in transfer of basic knowledge about leprosy, to assess the impact on the level of knowledge about leprosy in the community and to measure the sustainability of knowledge about leprosy over a period of time.Methods: Community level IEC campaigns under SSD and house to house leprosy IPC were carried out by trained staff of NGOs who partnered with LEAP and by trained community volunteers (CVs) from the villages respectively. The questionnaire assessment for IEC effectiveness through SSD strategy implemented is studied. The questionnaire was administered with the interval of 1 month, 3 months and 9 months after SSD to assess the knowledge retention, perspective and sustainability of leprosy awareness.Results: The lowest in SSD area was the knowledge about early signs followed by perception about deformity, spread, and cause. In non-SSD area lowest correct responses was in regard with early sign of infectious leprosy followed by spread, infectivity, cause, perception about deformity, patch as early sign and perception about social acceptance.Conclusions: Focused IEC as a part of selective special drive (SSD) with involvement of CVs properly inducted can increase the level of knowledge and help sustain the leprosy awareness.

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“…Diversos estudos dos prováveis determinantes da hanseníase foram realizados a partir de 1936, acompanhando a produção científica no campo da epidemiologia desde a análise da distribuição dos atributos, definição dos indicadores e do conceito de risco até a utilização de modelos e técnicas estatísticas mais recentes, por meio do aperfeiçoamento dos desenhos de pesquisa e da utilização intensiva da informática na análise dos dados (Doull et al, 1936;Burgos, 1939;Guinto & Rodrigues, 1941;Doull et al, 1942;Bancroft et al, 1944;Del Favero, 1948;Martins de Barros et al, 1960;Quagliato et al, 1963;Rao et al, 1969Rao et al, , 1972Marshall et al, 1981;Chatuverdi, 1988;Ponnighaus et al, 1987;Maine et al, 1988;George et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fatores associados ao domicílio e à família na determinação da hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

1994

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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar algumas características dos domicílios e dos chefes de família como possíveis fatores de determinação da hanseníase. Compararam-se unidades domiciliares onde existiam casos de hanseníase com dois grupos de domicílios de não hansenianos. Como grupos de domicílios sem casos de hanseníase, estudaram-se os domicílios vizinhos dos doentes e os domicílios fora dos focos ou áreas sem casos de hanseníase. Todos os domicílios localizam-se no município de São Gonçalo, área endêmica urbana na periferia da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Em um mapa aerofotogramétrico, contendo a descrição dos 584 setores censitários, marcaram-se todos os 2412 casos diagnosticados residentes. Compararam-se os domicílios com casos de hanseníase, Grupo I, com os seus respectivos vizinhos (Grupo II) e com os domicílios fora do foco (Grupo III). Os domicílios do Grupo I foram pareados com os seus respectivos vizinhos (Grupo II) e processados pelo método condicional. Para a comparação entre os grupos I e grupo III, usou-se o método incondicional. O Grupo I comparado com o II apresentou associação entre idade e nível de escolaridade do chefe da família. A comparação das características dos chefes de família e dos domicílios com casos de hanseníase em relação aos localizados fora do foco mostrou, como fatores diferenciais, idade, tipo de casa e disponibilidade de pontos de água intradomiciliar. Os autores discutem que os contrastes da área fora do foco são indicativos de um assentamento populacional mais recente e não de fatores associados à hanseníase. Somente na análise pareada dos doentes com seus vizinhos, estando então os fatores ambientais da área de foco controlados, confirmou-se a associação da idade e do grau de escolaridade. Com os determinantes do nível particular próprio do grupo social, interagem, no nível individual, a idade e o grau de escolaridade como fatores que contribuem na morbidade da hanseníase nessa área do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

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The role of intrahousehold contact in the transmission of leprosy

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Epidemiological Surveillance of Leprosy in Cameroon Using the ELISA Test with D-BSA and Tris-HCl as Buffer

Epidemiological Surveillance of Leprosy in Cameroon Using the ELISA Test with D-BSA and Tris-HCl as Buffer

Effectiveness of special awareness campaigns in sustaining leprosy awareness through community participation in rural areas of Maharashtra

Fatores associados ao domicílio e à família na determinação da hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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