The role of carbon-based materials in enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells is crucial to the deployment of this technology. Carbon-based materials are promising candidates for providing long-term stable perovskite solar cells suitable for commercialization.

Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells

“…32 Conventional carbon-based PSCs use carbon black and graphite as counter electrodes, that require high processing temperatures to burn out the organic binder. 33,34 This review aims to explore the recent promising progress of low temperature carbon-based PSCs, along with their unique potential to meet the optimal point for game-changing and disruptive PV: low cost, high stability, high efficiency and sustainability ( Fig. 1).…”

“…At the moment, a carbon-based hydrophobic electrode is the only counter electrode material that does not have any intrinsic and moisture-induced degradation. It is chemically stable with halides, 30,93 shows highly hydrophobic properties 31,34,[106][107][108] and exhibits a very high thermal stability, [109][110][111] which provides strong protection from the environment to the sensitive layers underneath.…”

Indoor application of emerging photovoltaics—progress, challenges and perspectives

“…For better compatibility with indoor IoT application, alternative low-cost and nonreactive substitutes such as hydrophobic and abundant carbon-based materials were explored as reviewed in the literature. 107 The carbon-based PPV devices show superior stability than the metal-electrode devices under both moisture and high-temperature environments. Although the carbon materials usually exhibit lower conductivity, the resulting PPV device with a carbon electrode still generates decent P max under low light intensity.…”

Perceiving the temperature coefficients of carbon-based perovskite solar cells

“…[21][22][23] Carbon polymorphs as charge transport material, produced the highest PCE of 21.1% whereas as electrode material for hole-selective layer free devices, it was able to provide the highest PCE of 16.26%. 24,25 With the potential of achieving even higher efficiencies and very low production costs, c-PSCs have become commercially attractive.…”