The Relationship between a Functional Reach Test and Other Balance Tests

Nakamura, Ippei; Okuda, Masayuki; Kage, Haruko; Kunitsugu, Ichiro; Sugiyama, Sinichi; Hobara, Tatsuya; Asami, Iwao

doi:10.1589/rika.21.335

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the young and older groups, individuals in the LHS groups showed a greater FRT value than those in the SHS groups, but there were no differences in physical function between individuals in both groups. This finding supported those of previous studies that found no correlation between the FRT value and physical function parameters [ 9 , 16 , 19 ]. In addition, this finding did not show that hip strategy users had low physical function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It has been reported that there was a correlation between the FRT value and height, with a greater FRT value in those with greater height [ 4 , 9 , 19 ]. Therefore, we normalized the FRT value and displacement of a segment, as well as the COPE, by dividing it by the individual’s height, to focus on the effect of movement strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Thapa et al [ 18 ] reported that the FRT values were weakly correlated with other physical functions (gait speed, r = 0.35; chair stand, r = 0.39). Some studies have found no correlation and were skeptical concerning the relationship between the FRT and physical function [ 9 , 16 , 19 , 20 ]. Regarding the relationship between the FRT values and falls, some studies have found a relationship [ 21 – 24 ], while others have not [ 10 , 25 – 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Movement patterns of the functional reach test do not reflect physical function in healthy young and older participants

Moriyama¹,

Yamada

Shimamura³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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The relationship of the Functional Reach Test (FRT) value with the Center of Pressure Excursion (COPE) and physical function remains unclear, and would be influenced by different population characteristics and movement patterns used in the FRT. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the FRT value and the COPE and physical function in healthy young and older individuals classified according to movement patterns. In 21 healthy young participants (42 sides) and 20 older participants (40 sides), three-dimensional motion analysis was performed during the FRT and physical function assessments. The participants were assigned to two clusters after performing a motion analysis during the FRT. Kinematic and kinetic parameters during the FRT and physical function assessment results were compared between the clusters for both groups. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships of the FRT value with COPE and physical function parameters in each cluster, in young and older individuals separately. The results showed that the hip strategies could be divided into two groups according to the degree of use (Small Hip Strategy, SHS Group; Large Hip Strategy, LHS Group). In the older SHS group, the FRT values were significantly correlated with the COPE (r = 0.75), toe grip strength (r = 0.62), and the five-times sit-to-stand test time (r = -0.52). In the older LHS group and in both groups of young individuals, there were no significant correlations of the FRT value with any parameters. The FRT value reflects the COPE and physical function only in older individuals using the SHS. This could explain previous discrepant results. As there is no simple relationship between the FRT value and physical function, it is important to include movement strategy assessment when using the FRT in clinical evaluations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Movement patterns of the functional reach test do not reflect physical function in healthy young and older participants

Moriyama¹,

Yamada

Shimamura³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, Nakamura et al (2006) referred to many previous studies that question the validity of the FRT as a performance balance measure (Fujisawa, Takeda, Maeda, & Hayakawa, 2005;Takakura & Ohgi, 2005;Thomas & Lane, 2005;Tsushima, Tsushima, Ishida, Hasegawa, & Ohkura, 2001;Wernick-Robinson, Krebs, & Giogetti, 1999). Wernick-Robinson et al (1999) reported that there was no difference in the FRT scores between the healthy elderly and the elderly with balance disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, many studies have suggested correlations between the FRT and flexibility, or the range of joint motion (Nakamura et al, 2006;Takakura & Ohgi, 2005). For example, Thomas and Lane (2005) reported that the FRT reflects the flexibility of the trunk rather than movement of the center of mass (COM); therefore, it cannot be used as a real balance measure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There A Relationship Between the Functional Reach Test and Flexibility?

Uchiyama¹,

Demura²,

Shin³

2011

APE

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This study examined the influence of short-term stretching and improved flexibility on functional reach (FR) performances (reach distance and rotation angle of various joints during reaching). 17 healthy male university students were assigned to either experimental and control groups based on the random assignment. A pre-test/Post-test design was used in this study. The variable factor for the experimental group was stretching (jogging for warming up and stretching). Main outcome measures were flexibility (static maximum range of motion of shoulder, hip, and ankle joints) and FR of participants. FR test performances were assessed by the reach distance and rotation angles of each joint during reaching. No significant differences between the groups were found in the participants’ characteristics, and no skeletal muscle fatigue was found in the lower limb. In the experimental group, shoulder and hip-joint flexibility increased significantly by stretching, and showed higher values than that of the control group. In contrast, FR test performance did not reveal any changes. Slight intraindividual ROM improvements by short-term stretching may be less important for FR postural strategies. FR test performances are little influenced by light static stretching in young healthy adults

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Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly: a meta-analysis

Kamide

Kamiya

Nakazono

et al. 2015

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly independent in activities of daily living (ADLs) were calculated by metaanalysis. Methods Papers reporting data on hand grip strength in elderly Japanese adults C60 years of age and independent in ADLs were retrieved from electronic databases. Data were extracted from the selected papers and the weighted mean for hand grip strength by sex was calculated by random effect model. The association of hand grip strength with age and body weight was also analyzed using metaregression analysis. Results Data for 15,784 individuals (5216 men and 10,568 women; mean age 67.0-79.8 years) were extracted from 97 sets of data from 33 papers. The weighted mean for hand grip strength was calculated as 33.11 kg in women. A significant negative correlation was also seen between hand grip strength and age.Conclusions The mean hand grip strength of elderly people calculated in this study can be used as a reference value for the hand grip strength of Japanese communitydwelling elderly who are independent in ADLs. However, age needs to be considered in reference values for hand grip strength.

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The Relationship between a Functional Reach Test and Other Balance Tests

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Movement patterns of the functional reach test do not reflect physical function in healthy young and older participants

Movement patterns of the functional reach test do not reflect physical function in healthy young and older participants

Is There A Relationship Between the Functional Reach Test and Flexibility?

Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly: a meta-analysis

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