The Reference Values for the Chair Stand Test in Healthy Japanese Older People: Determination by Meta-analysis

Abstract

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the reference values for the chair stand test (CST) in healthy older Japanese people. [Methods] Relevant research articles for the 5-repetition chair stand test (CS-5) and the 30-second chair stand test (CS-30) were identified by electronic database and manual searching. Research articles involving healthy Japanese people aged 60 years and older were included in a meta-analysis. Weighted means of the CS-5 and CS-30 were estimated by the random effect model as the reference values for the CST. Further, the effects of age and sex on the reference values were analyzed by a meta-regression analysis. [Results] Seven articles (21 data) and three articles (14 data) were included in the meta-analyses for the CS-5 and CS-30, respectively. The reference value for the CS-5 was estimated as 8.50 sec [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.93–9.07]; age and sex were not associated with this reference value. The reference value for the CS-30 was estimated as 17.26 times [95%CI: 15.98–18.55], and age was significantly associated with this value. [Conclusion] When the CS-5 and CS-30 are used to evaluate elderly Japanese people, the reference values for the CS-5 and CS-30 determined in this study would be useful indices.

Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly: a meta-analysis

“…The search terms used were ''hand grip strength/akuryoku,'' ''hand strength,'' ''grip,'' ''grasp,'' ''strength,'' ''power,'' ''older people/koureisya,'' ''aged,'' and ''elderly'' in appropriate combinations. The selection criteria for papers used in the meta-analysis were set as follows in accordance with earlier studies [12][13][14][15]: (1) papers written in Japanese or English; (2) papers on Japanese community-dwelling people aged C60 years old; (3) papers on community-dwelling elderly independent in activities of daily living (ADLs); (4) papers not examining frail elderly or elderly with an evident disease; (5) papers reporting measurements in kilograms or Newtons; (6) papers reporting data on hand grip strength by sex; and (7) papers listing the number of subjects and the mean and standard deviation (SD) of hand grip strength. Four researchers (NK, RK, TN, and MA) held discussions to determine search terms to use and which papers to include in the analysis.…”

“…To set reference values for hand grip strength that can be adapted to Japanese people, data from a large sample obtained from a wide geographic area are needed. Thus far, we have used metaanalysis to integrate research data from various areas to more accurately set reference values for several motor function tests such as the Timed Up and Go test [12][13][14][15]. The aim of this study was to calculate reference values for hand grip strength in independent Japanese communitydwelling elderly using meta-analysis.…”

Do functional mobility tests predict the risk of falls in community-dwelling elderly?

“…The CS-5 has been demonstrated to be a simple and viable physical performance to request a decrease in daily living activity (ADL) and falls in the elderly (47,48,49) . Nakazono et al (50) , concluded that CS-5 and Chair Test (30 seconds) are simple and viable physical performance tests for the elderly and rehabilitation patients in the clinical context, to evaluate their muscular endurance.…”

Is achieving 7,000 steps/day associated with older adults’ lower-extremity performance? Cross-sectional and prospective findings from Taiwan

“…In taking the test, the participants were instructed to rise from a chair (which was 46 centimeters high and armless) to a full standing position and then return to a seated position as quickly as possible for ve repetitions. Each participant performed the test two times [20,21]. The best performance in terms of the total time taken for all ve repetitions (that is, the shortest time) was used for our analysis.…”